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Fig. 2 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants

Fig. 2

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the associations between types and sources of carbohydrates and total CVD (A), IHD (B), and total stroke (C) risk in 110,497 UK Biobank participants. Models were stratified by age at recruitment and sex, and adjusted for recruitment region, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, education, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, menopausal status, BMI, SBP, SFA intake, and daily energy intake. Models were also adjusted for fruit and vegetable intake, excepting for models with total sugars, non-free sugars, and fibre as the exposure. Full details regarding each covariate are provided in the statistical analysis section in the main text. P-trend values using continuous intakes with asterisks indicating statistical significance after using false discovery rate to correct for multiple testing. P-trend values ≥0.1 are displayed to two decimal places and P-trend values <0.1 are displayed to three decimal places. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, CVD cardiovascular disease, g/d grams per day, IHD ischaemic heart disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, SFA saturated fatty acid

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