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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

From: Lean or diabetic subtypes predict increased all-cause and disease-specific mortality in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease

 

No MAFLD

MAFLD-diabetes

MAFLD-overweight/obese

MAFLD-lean

p-value

(n = 6,374,228)

(n = 545,800)

(n = 2,822,222)

(n = 193,064)

Age

46.1 ± 14.4

56.4 ± 11.8

47.8 ± 13.0

51.5 ± 13.0

 < .0001

Male

2,741,020 (43.0)

377,504 (69.2)

2,141,255 (75.9)

163,052 (84.5)

 < .0001

Income_low

1,048,999 (16.5)

90,902 (16.7)

366,269 (13.0)

28,459 (14.7)

 < .0001

Smoking

    

 < .0001

 None

4,357,567 (68.4)

268,868 (49.3)

1,233.006 (43.7)

62,161 (32.2)

 

 Ex

707,242 (11.1)

111,743(20.5)

572,195 (20.3)

36,044 (18.7)

 

 Current

1,309,419 (20.5)

165,189 (30.3)

1,017,021 (36.0)

94, 859 (49.3)

 

Alcohol consumption

    

 < .0001

 None

3,667,279 (57.5)

271,833 (49.8)

1,140,952 (40.4)

57,875 (30.0)

 

 Mild

2,356,423 (37.0)

199,736 (36.6)

1,299,773 (46.1)

94,239 (48.8)

 

 Heavy

350,526 (5.5)

74,231 (13.6)

381,497 (13.5)

40,950 (21.2)

 

Regular exercise

1,121,607 (17.6)

113,078 (20.7)

517,507(18.3)

30,850 (16.0)

 < .0001

Diabetes

328,428 (5.2)

545,800 (100)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 < .0001

Hypertension

1,156,210 (18.1)

339,728 (62.2)

1,007,110 (35.7)

77,208 (40.0)

 < .0001

Dyslipidemia

793,083 (12.4)

242,146 (44.4)

716,137(25.4)

53,214 (27.6)

 < .0001

Hepatitis

150,803 (2.4)

21,903 (4.0)

75,393 (2.7)

5160 (2.7)

 < .0001

Liver cirrhosis

14,699 (0.2)

4641 (0.9)

8086 (0.3)

1134 (0.6)

 < .0001

CCI score

    

 < .0001

 0

4,207,758 (66.0)

148,570 (27.2)

1,832,368 (64.9)

123,264 (63.9)

 

 1

1,206,091 (18.9)

125,506 (23.0)

577,483 (20.5)

39,673 (20.6)

 

  ≥ 2

960,379 (15.1)

271,724 (49.8)

412,371 (14.6)

30,127 (15.6)

 

BMI

22.2 ± 2.4

26.4 ± 3.1

26.7 ± 3.4

21.9 ± 1.0

 < .0001

WC

75.8 ± 7.1

89.4 ± 7.9

88.5 ± 7.2

81.5 ± 10.0

 < .0001

SBP

119.3 ± 14.4

131.0 ± 15.7

127.5 ± 14.3

129.5 ± 15.0

 < .0001

DBP

74.3 ± 9.6

80.6 ± 10.2

79.8 ± 9.8

80.8 ± 10.0

 < .0001

Glucose

93.6 ± 19.0

149.6 ± 49.9

95.6 ± 12.0

98.3 ± 12.6

 < .0001

Total Cholesterol

189.2 ± 39.0

203.1 ± 48.9

206.8 ± 42.1

205.9 ± 47.1

 < .0001

HDL-C

59.0 ± 31.1

51.2 ± 35.2

51.9 ± 33.64

55.7 ± 53.7

 < .0001

eGFR

88.6 ± 44.4

83.3 ± 37.2

86.1 ± 48.5

87.1 ± 41.8

 < .0001

TGa

87.6 (87.6–87.6)

188.8 (189.5–190.1)

171.6 (171.5–171.7)

232.5 (232.1–233.0)

 < .0001

ASTa

21.6 (21.6–21.6)

28.6 (28.6–28.7)

26.9 (26.9–26.9)

30.4 (30.3–30.5)

 < .0001

ALTa

17.5 (17.5–17.5)

31.2 (31.1–31.2)

29.8 (29.8–29.8)

29.5 (29.4–29.6)

 < .0001

GGTa

18.9 (18.9–18.9)

51.0 (50.9–51.1)

43.8 (43.7–43.8)

68.5 (68.3–68.8)

 < .0001

  1. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables
  2. Abbreviations: MAFLD Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, BMI Body mass index, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, WC Waist circumference, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, TG Triglyceride, AST Aspartate aminotransferase ALT Alanine aminotransferase, GGT Gamma-glutamyl transferase, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure
  3. aGeometric means