Table 3 Top ten common medication pairs that were prescribed among all pregnancies and pregnancies of women with multimorbidity during first trimester and the entire pregnancy
Period | All pregnancies | Pregnancies of women with multimorbidity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Top 10 pairwise combinations prescribed | Top 10 pairwise combinations prescribed | Top 10 pairwise combinations prescribed for two different long-term conditions | ||||
Combinations of medication categories | % of pregnancies prescribed | Combinations of medication categories | % of pregnancies prescribed | Combinations of medication categories | % of pregnancies prescribed | |
First trimester | (n=812,354) | (n=139,471) | ||||
Corticosteroids (for respiratory conditions) | 1.2% | Corticosteroids (for respiratory conditions) | 3.4% | Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | 1.8% | |
Selective beta 2 agonists | Selective beta 2 agonists | Selective beta 2 agonists | ||||
Broad-spectrum penicillins | 0.8% | Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | 2.2% | Topical corticosteroids | 1.4% | |
Preparations for vaginal and vulval candidiasis | Non-opioid and compound analgesics | Selective beta 2 agonists | ||||
Broad-spectrum penicillins | 0.8% | Broad-spectrum penicillins | 2.1% | Corticosteroids used in nasal allergy | 1.3% | |
Non-opioid and compound analgesics | Selective beta 2 agonists | Selective beta 2 agonists | ||||
Broad-spectrum penicillins | 0.7% | Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | 1.8% | Non-sedating antihistamines | 1.3% | |
Selective beta 2 agonists | Selective beta 2 agonists | Selective beta 2 agonists | ||||
Emollient skin preparations | 0.6% | Broad-spectrum penicillins | 1.8% | Proton pump inhibitors | 1.1% | |
Topical corticosteroids | Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | ||||
Non-opioid and compound analgesics | 0.5% | Broad-spectrum penicillins | 1.7% | Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | 1.0% | |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | Non-opioid and compound analgesics | Topical corticosteroids | ||||
Non-opioid and compound analgesics selective | 0.5% | Non-opioid and compound analgesics | 1.5% | Corticosteroids in chronic bowel problems | 1.0% | |
Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | Selective beta 2 agonists | Selective beta 2 agonists | ||||
Compound alginate preparations | 0.5% | Broad-spectrum penicillins | 1.5% | Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | 0.8% | |
Non-opioid and compound analgesics | Preparations for vaginal and vulval candidiasis | Thyroid hormones | ||||
Broad-spectrum penicillins | 0.4% | Emollient skin preparations | 1.4% | Non-sedating antihistamines | 0.7% | |
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | Topical corticosteroids | Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | ||||
Non-opioid and compound analgesics | 0.4% | Selective beta 2 agonists | 1.4% | Emollient skin preparations | 0.7% | |
Preparations for vaginal and vulval candidiasis | Topical corticosteroids | Selective beta 2 agonists | ||||
Entire pregnancy | (n=774,247) | (n=132,391) | ||||
Compound alginate preparations | 7.2% | Compound alginate preparations | 9.7% | Selective beta 2 agonists | 3.7% | |
Oral iron | Oral iron | Topical corticosteroids | ||||
Broad-spectrum penicillins | 6.7% | Broad-spectrum penicillins | 9.5% | Selective beta 2 agonists | 3.2% | |
Oral iron | Oral iron | Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | ||||
Oral iron | 6.4% | Oral iron | 8.9% | Corticosteroids used in nasal allergy | 3.1% | |
Preparations for vaginal and vulval candidiasis | Preparations for vaginal and vulval candidiasis | Selective beta 2 agonists | ||||
Broad-spectrum penicillins | 5.2% | Broad-spectrum penicillins | 8.5% | Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | 2.3% | |
Preparations for vaginal and vulval candidiasis | Preparations for vaginal and vulval candidiasis | Topical corticosteroids | ||||
Compound alginate preparations | 4.7% | Broad-spectrum penicillins | 7.8% | Corticosteroids in chronic bowel problems | 2.3% | |
Preparations for vaginal and vulval candidiasis | Compound alginate preparations | Selective beta 2 agonists | ||||
Broad-spectrum penicillins | 4.7% | Non-opioid and compound analgesics | 7.7% | Non-sedating antihistamines | 2.2% | |
Compound alginate preparations | Oral iron | Selective beta 2 agonists | ||||
Non-opioid and compound analgesics | 4.6% | Compound alginate preparations | 7.5% | Emollient skin preparations | 2.1% | |
Oral iron | Preparations for vaginal and vulval candidiasis | Selective beta 2 agonists | ||||
Broad-spectrum penicillins | 3.9% | Broad-spectrum penicillins | 7.4% | Proton pump inhibitors | 1.8% | |
Non-opioid and compound analgesics | Non-opioid and compound analgesics | Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | ||||
Compound alginate preparations | 3.7% | Broad-spectrum penicillins | 7.1% | Corticosteroids (for respiratory conditions) | 1.7% | |
Non-opioid and compound analgesics | Selective beta 2 agonists | Topical corticosteroids | ||||
Non-opioid and compound analgesics | 3.2% | Compound alginate preparations | 7.0% | Corticosteroids used in nasal allergy | 1.6% | |
Preparations for vaginal and vulval candidiasis | Non-opioid and compound analgesics | Topical corticosteroids | ||||