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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population in UK Biobank stratified by mRNFL thickness tertiles

From: Retinal nerve fiber layer thinning as a novel fingerprint for cardiovascular events: results from the prospective cohorts in UK and China

Characteristics

Total

Tertile of mRNFL thickness

p-value

Highest

Middle

Lowest

No.

25,563

8495

8515

8553

−

Age, years

55.25 (8.20)

56.32 (8.17)

55.11 (8.17)

54.33 (8.15)

< 0.001

Female

13,845 (54.2)

4178 (49.2)

4619 (54.3)

5048 (59.0)

< 0.001

Ethnicity

    

< 0.001

 White

23,199 (90.8)

7534 (88.7)

7730 (90.8)

7935 (92.8)

 

 Non-white

2197 (8.6)

899 (10.6)

737 (8.7)

561 (6.6)

 

 Missing

167 (0.7)

62 (0.7)

48 (0.6)

57 (0.7)

 

Assessment center

    

< 0.001

 Sheffield

7040 (27.5)

2347 (27.6)

2312 (27.2)

2381 (27.8)

 

 Liverpool

1933 (7.6)

648 (7.6)

637 (7.5)

648 (7.6)

 

 Hounslow

4738 (18.5)

1698 (20.0)

1599 (18.8)

1441 (16.9)

 

 Croydon

6396 (25.0)

1893 (22.3)

2126 (25.0)

2377 (27.8)

 

 Birmingham

5411 (21.2)

1889 (22.2)

1828 (21.5)

1694 (19.8)

 

 Swansea

45 (0.2)

20 (0.2)

13 (0.2)

12 (0.1)

 

Household income

    

< 0.001

 < £18,000

3964 (15.5)

1468 (17.3)

1283 (15.1)

1213 (14.2)

 

 £18,000–30,999

5258 (20.6)

1886 (22.2)

1744 (20.5)

1628 (19.0)

 

 £31,000–51,999

6101 (23.9)

1963 (23.1)

2034 (23.9)

2140 (24.6)

 

 £52,000–100,000

5323 (20.8)

1572 (18.5)

1845 (21.7)

1906 (22.3)

 

 > £100,000

1613 (6.3)

473 (5.6)

521 (6.1)

619 (7.2)

 

 Missing

3304 (12.9)

1133 (13.3)

1088 (12.8)

1083 (12.7)

 

Education level

    

< 0.001

 O levels, CSEs, GCSEs

7408 (29.0)

2728 (32.1)

2460 (28.9)

2220 (26.0)

 

 A/AS levels

1570 (6.1)

485 (5.7)

527 (6.2)

558 (6.5)

 

 Professional qualifications

16,287 (63.7)

5164 (60.8)

5438 (63.9)

5685 (66.5)

 

 Missing

298 (1.2)

118 (1.4)

90 (1.1)

90 (1.1)

 

Townsend index

    

0.002

 Least deprived quartile

5372 (21.0)

1715 (20.2)

1801 (21.2)

1856 (21.7)

 

 Second quartile

6013 (23.5)

1913 (22.5)

2066 (24.3)

2034 (23.8)

 

 Third quartile

7160 (28.0)

2412 (28.4)

2399 (28.2)

2349 (27.5)

 

 Most deprived quartile

6992 (27.4)

2448 (28.8)

2242 (26.3)

2302 (26.9)

 

 Missing

26 (0.1)

7 (0.08)

7 (0.08)

12 (0.1)

 

SBP, mmHg

132.0 (17.7)

133.6 (17.7)

131.6 (17.5)

130.7 (17.7)

< 0.001

DBP, mmHg

79.82 (9.99)

80.46 (9.95)

79.58 (9.95)

79.43 (10.04)

< 0.001

HbA1c, mmol/mol

35.52 (5.86)

35.95 (6.43)

35.41 (5.56)

35.20 (5.54)

< 0.001

Fasting glucose, mmol/L

5.10 (0.95)

5.15 (1.05)

5.09 (0.89)

5.07 (0.89)

< 0.001

Body mass index

    

< 0.001

 Normal

8508 (33.3)

2613 (30.8)

2832 (33.3)

3063 (35.8)

 

 Overweight

10,934 (42.8)

3695 (43.5)

3652 (42.9)

3587 (41.9)

 

 Obesity

6002 (23.5)

2138 (25.2)

1994 (23.4)

1870 (21.9)

 

 Missing

119 (0.5)

49 (0.6)

37 (0.4)

33 (0.4)

 

Smoking status

    

0.001

 Never

8744 (34.2)

2984 (35.1)

2851 (33.5)

2909 (34.0)

 

 Ever/current

2492 (9.8)

896 (10.6)

813 (9.6)

783 (9.2)

 

 Missing

14,327 (56.1)

4615 (54.3)

4851 (57.0)

4861 (56.8)

 

Drinking status

    

0.002

 Never

840 (3.3)

289 (3.4)

284 (3.3)

267 (3.1)

 

 Ever/current

23,532 (92.1)

7749 (91.2)

7856 (92.3)

7927 (92.7)

 

 Missing

1191 (4.7)

457 (5.4)

375 (4.4)

359 (4.2)

 

MVPA

    

0.042

 Least MVPA quartile

5383 (21.1)

1823 (21.5)

1772 (20.8)

1788 (20.9)

 

 Second MVPA quartile

5446 (21.3)

1762 (20.7)

1857 (21.8)

1827 (21.4)

 

 Third MVPA quartile

5025 (19.7)

1614 (19.0)

1653 (19.4)

1758 (20.6)

 

 Most MVPA quartile

5261 (20.6)

1771 (20.9)

1798 (21.1)

1692 (19.8)

 

 Missing

4448 (17.4)

1525 (18.0)

1435 (16.9)

1488 (17.4)

 

Hypertension at baseline

    

< 0.001

 No

19,326 (75.6)

6183 (72.8)

6465 (75.9)

6678 (78.1)

 

 Yes

6237 (24.4)

2312 (27.2)

2050 (24.1)

1875 (21.9)

 

Diabetes at baseline

    

< 0.001

 No

24,591 (96.2)

8089 (95.2)

8220 (96.5)

8282 (96.8)

 

 Yes

972 (3.8)

406 (4.8)

295 (3.5)

271 (3.2)

 

Antihypertension drug use

    

< 0.001

 No

21,342 (83.5)

6858 (80.7)

7147 (83.9)

7337 (85.8)

 

 Yes

4221 (16.5)

1637 (19.3)

1368 (16.1)

1216 (14.2)

 

Insulin usage

    

0.305

 No

25,434 (99.5)

8449 (99.5)

8467 (99.4)

8518 (99.6)

 

 Yes

129 (0.5)

46 (0.5)

48 (0.6)

35 (0.4)

 

Lipid-lowering drug use

    

< 0.001

 No

22,181 (86.8)

7159 (84.3)

7419 (87.1)

7603 (88.9)

 

 Yes

3382 (13.2)

1336 (15.7)

1096 (12.9)

950 (11.1)

 

SER, diopter

− 0.04 (1.90)

0.31 (1.88)

0.02 (1.80)

− 0.47 (1.93)

< 0.001

Intraocular pressure, mmHg

15.19 (2.94)

15.21 (2.97)

15.12 (2.95)

15.23 (2.89)

0.027

Image quality score

69.52 (8.68)

68.80 (9.06)

69.82 (8.60)

69.94 (8.32)

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented as No. (percentage of participants) for categorical variables or mean (standard deviation [SD]) for continuous valuables. mRNFL macular retinal nerve fiber layer, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, SER spherical equivalent refraction