Characteristics | Total | Tertile of mRNFL thickness | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Highest | Middle | Lowest | |||
No. | 25,563 | 8495 | 8515 | 8553 | − |
Age, years | 55.25 (8.20) | 56.32 (8.17) | 55.11 (8.17) | 54.33 (8.15) | < 0.001 |
Female | 13,845 (54.2) | 4178 (49.2) | 4619 (54.3) | 5048 (59.0) | < 0.001 |
Ethnicity |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 White | 23,199 (90.8) | 7534 (88.7) | 7730 (90.8) | 7935 (92.8) |  |
 Non-white | 2197 (8.6) | 899 (10.6) | 737 (8.7) | 561 (6.6) |  |
 Missing | 167 (0.7) | 62 (0.7) | 48 (0.6) | 57 (0.7) |  |
Assessment center |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Sheffield | 7040 (27.5) | 2347 (27.6) | 2312 (27.2) | 2381 (27.8) |  |
 Liverpool | 1933 (7.6) | 648 (7.6) | 637 (7.5) | 648 (7.6) |  |
 Hounslow | 4738 (18.5) | 1698 (20.0) | 1599 (18.8) | 1441 (16.9) |  |
 Croydon | 6396 (25.0) | 1893 (22.3) | 2126 (25.0) | 2377 (27.8) |  |
 Birmingham | 5411 (21.2) | 1889 (22.2) | 1828 (21.5) | 1694 (19.8) |  |
 Swansea | 45 (0.2) | 20 (0.2) | 13 (0.2) | 12 (0.1) |  |
Household income |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 < £18,000 | 3964 (15.5) | 1468 (17.3) | 1283 (15.1) | 1213 (14.2) |  |
 £18,000–30,999 | 5258 (20.6) | 1886 (22.2) | 1744 (20.5) | 1628 (19.0) |  |
 £31,000–51,999 | 6101 (23.9) | 1963 (23.1) | 2034 (23.9) | 2140 (24.6) |  |
 £52,000–100,000 | 5323 (20.8) | 1572 (18.5) | 1845 (21.7) | 1906 (22.3) |  |
 > £100,000 | 1613 (6.3) | 473 (5.6) | 521 (6.1) | 619 (7.2) |  |
 Missing | 3304 (12.9) | 1133 (13.3) | 1088 (12.8) | 1083 (12.7) |  |
Education level |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 O levels, CSEs, GCSEs | 7408 (29.0) | 2728 (32.1) | 2460 (28.9) | 2220 (26.0) |  |
 A/AS levels | 1570 (6.1) | 485 (5.7) | 527 (6.2) | 558 (6.5) |  |
 Professional qualifications | 16,287 (63.7) | 5164 (60.8) | 5438 (63.9) | 5685 (66.5) |  |
 Missing | 298 (1.2) | 118 (1.4) | 90 (1.1) | 90 (1.1) |  |
Townsend index | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.002 |
 Least deprived quartile | 5372 (21.0) | 1715 (20.2) | 1801 (21.2) | 1856 (21.7) |  |
 Second quartile | 6013 (23.5) | 1913 (22.5) | 2066 (24.3) | 2034 (23.8) |  |
 Third quartile | 7160 (28.0) | 2412 (28.4) | 2399 (28.2) | 2349 (27.5) |  |
 Most deprived quartile | 6992 (27.4) | 2448 (28.8) | 2242 (26.3) | 2302 (26.9) |  |
 Missing | 26 (0.1) | 7 (0.08) | 7 (0.08) | 12 (0.1) |  |
SBP, mmHg | 132.0 (17.7) | 133.6 (17.7) | 131.6 (17.5) | 130.7 (17.7) | < 0.001 |
DBP, mmHg | 79.82 (9.99) | 80.46 (9.95) | 79.58 (9.95) | 79.43 (10.04) | < 0.001 |
HbA1c, mmol/mol | 35.52 (5.86) | 35.95 (6.43) | 35.41 (5.56) | 35.20 (5.54) | < 0.001 |
Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.10 (0.95) | 5.15 (1.05) | 5.09 (0.89) | 5.07 (0.89) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Normal | 8508 (33.3) | 2613 (30.8) | 2832 (33.3) | 3063 (35.8) |  |
 Overweight | 10,934 (42.8) | 3695 (43.5) | 3652 (42.9) | 3587 (41.9) |  |
 Obesity | 6002 (23.5) | 2138 (25.2) | 1994 (23.4) | 1870 (21.9) |  |
 Missing | 119 (0.5) | 49 (0.6) | 37 (0.4) | 33 (0.4) |  |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 Never | 8744 (34.2) | 2984 (35.1) | 2851 (33.5) | 2909 (34.0) |  |
 Ever/current | 2492 (9.8) | 896 (10.6) | 813 (9.6) | 783 (9.2) |  |
 Missing | 14,327 (56.1) | 4615 (54.3) | 4851 (57.0) | 4861 (56.8) |  |
Drinking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.002 |
 Never | 840 (3.3) | 289 (3.4) | 284 (3.3) | 267 (3.1) |  |
 Ever/current | 23,532 (92.1) | 7749 (91.2) | 7856 (92.3) | 7927 (92.7) |  |
 Missing | 1191 (4.7) | 457 (5.4) | 375 (4.4) | 359 (4.2) |  |
MVPA | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.042 |
 Least MVPA quartile | 5383 (21.1) | 1823 (21.5) | 1772 (20.8) | 1788 (20.9) |  |
 Second MVPA quartile | 5446 (21.3) | 1762 (20.7) | 1857 (21.8) | 1827 (21.4) |  |
 Third MVPA quartile | 5025 (19.7) | 1614 (19.0) | 1653 (19.4) | 1758 (20.6) |  |
 Most MVPA quartile | 5261 (20.6) | 1771 (20.9) | 1798 (21.1) | 1692 (19.8) |  |
 Missing | 4448 (17.4) | 1525 (18.0) | 1435 (16.9) | 1488 (17.4) |  |
Hypertension at baseline |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 19,326 (75.6) | 6183 (72.8) | 6465 (75.9) | 6678 (78.1) |  |
 Yes | 6237 (24.4) | 2312 (27.2) | 2050 (24.1) | 1875 (21.9) |  |
Diabetes at baseline |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 24,591 (96.2) | 8089 (95.2) | 8220 (96.5) | 8282 (96.8) |  |
 Yes | 972 (3.8) | 406 (4.8) | 295 (3.5) | 271 (3.2) |  |
Antihypertension drug use |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 21,342 (83.5) | 6858 (80.7) | 7147 (83.9) | 7337 (85.8) |  |
 Yes | 4221 (16.5) | 1637 (19.3) | 1368 (16.1) | 1216 (14.2) |  |
Insulin usage | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.305 |
 No | 25,434 (99.5) | 8449 (99.5) | 8467 (99.4) | 8518 (99.6) |  |
 Yes | 129 (0.5) | 46 (0.5) | 48 (0.6) | 35 (0.4) |  |
Lipid-lowering drug use |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 22,181 (86.8) | 7159 (84.3) | 7419 (87.1) | 7603 (88.9) |  |
 Yes | 3382 (13.2) | 1336 (15.7) | 1096 (12.9) | 950 (11.1) |  |
SER, diopter | − 0.04 (1.90) | 0.31 (1.88) | 0.02 (1.80) | − 0.47 (1.93) | < 0.001 |
Intraocular pressure, mmHg | 15.19 (2.94) | 15.21 (2.97) | 15.12 (2.95) | 15.23 (2.89) | 0.027 |
Image quality score | 69.52 (8.68) | 68.80 (9.06) | 69.82 (8.60) | 69.94 (8.32) | < 0.001 |