Short-term air pollution exposure associated with death from kidney diseases: a nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study in China from 2015 to 2019

Table 3 Short-term ambient air pollution associated with unadjusted and adjusted relative percent increase in odds of death from kidney diseases

Air pollutants^a	Relative percent increase (95% CI) Unadjusted	P-value Unadjusted	Relative percent increase (95% CI) Adjusted†	P-value Adjusted†
PM₁	1.11 (0.38 to 1.85)	0.003	1.33 (0.57 to 2.1)	0.001
PM_2.5	0.36 (0.013 to 0.73)	0.038	0.49 (0.10 to 0.88)	0.012
PM₁₀	0.27 (0.04 to 0.51)	0.022	0.32 (0.08 to 0.57)	0.010
CO	1.94 (− 1.29 to 5.28)	0.242	3.48 (0.11 to 6.97)	0.043
NO₂	1.18 (0.24 to 2.13)	0.014	1.26 (0.29 to 2.24)	0.011
O₃	0.34 (0.03 to 0.65)	0.032	0.34 (− 0.05 to 0.72)	0.084
SO₂	3.08 (1.89 to 4.29)	< 0.001	2.90 (1.68 to 4.15)	< 0.001

PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀, particulate matter with diameters less than or equal to 1 µm (2.5 μm for PM_2.5 and 10 μm for PM₁₀); CO, carbon monoxide; NO₂, nitrogen dioxide; O₃, ozone; SO₂, sulfur dioxide; CI, confidence interval
Relative percent increases were reported per 10 µg/m³ for PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, O₃, SO₂ and per 1 mg/m³ for CO
^†Multivariate Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for air pollutants, natural cubic splines of temperature and relative humidity (lag 0-4), and case clustering. Case clustering represents the fact that exposure conditions for the same individual were switched on the same day of different weeks in the same month, and this clustering within the same individuals was accounted for using patient identification number as strata
^aThe pollutants were measured as the moving average of exposure on the day of event and one day prior to the event (lag 0-1)

ISSN: 1741-7015