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Table 1 Participants characteristics by quartiles of total dietary insoluble fiber intake

From: Variety and quantity of dietary insoluble fiber intake from different sources and risk of new-onset hypertension

Variables

Quartiles of dietary insoluble fiber, g/day

P value

Q1(< 7.1)

Q2(7.1–9.6)

Q3(9.6–12.9)

Q4(> 12.9)

N

3033

3032

3033

3033

 

Male

1204 (39.7)

1371 (45.2)

1422 (46.9)

1675 (55.2)

 < 0.001

Age, years

43.5 (15.8)

40.8 (13.6)

39.8 (13.2)

40.4 (13.6)

 < 0.001

Body mass index, kg/m2

22.4 (3.1)

22.3 (3.1)

22.4 (3.1)

22.5 (3.0)

0.160

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

114.5 (11.8)

113.7 (11.4)

113.1 (11.4)

114.3 (11.1)

 < 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

74.2 (7.7)

74.0 (7.9)

74.2 (8.0)

74.4 (7.8)

0.161

Follow-up duration, years

6.0 (4.5)

8.2 (5.4)

8.8 (5.4)

8.2 (5.4)

 < 0.001

Smoking, n (%)

814 (26.9)

882 (29.3)

896 (29.7)

1076 (35.7)

 < 0.001

Alcohol drinking, n (%)

872 (29.0)

1001 (33.4)

1035 (34.6)

1219 (40.8)

 < 0.001

Urban resident, n (%)

1368 (45.1)

1170 (38.6)

988 (32.6)

853 (28.1)

 < 0.001

Self-report diabetes, n (%)

62 (2.1)

36 (1.2)

25 (0.8)

27 (0.9)

 < 0.001

Regions, n (%)

    

 < 0.001

 Central

1220 (40.2)

1184 (39.1)

1417 (46.7)

1742 (57.4)

 

 North

462 (15.2)

609 (20.1)

794 (26.2)

604 (19.9)

 

 South

1351 (44.5)

1239 (40.9)

822 (27.1)

687 (22.7)

 

Occupation, n (%)

    

 < 0.001

 Farmer

627 (20.8)

950 (31.7)

1298 (43.4)

1466 (48.8)

 

 Worker

363 (12.1)

412 (13.7)

347 (11.6)

335 (11.2)

 

 Unemployed

1052 (34.9)

731 (24.4)

635 (21.2)

589 (19.6)

 

 Others

970 (32.2)

904 (30.2)

710 (23.7)

612 (20.4)

 

Education, n (%)

    

 < 0.001

 Illiteracy

534 (17.9)

465 (15.6)

551 (18.6)

641 (21.6)

 

 Primary school

507 (17.0)

580 (19.5)

626 (21.1)

604 (20.4)

 

 Middle school

970 (32.5)

990 (33.2)

998 (33.6)

1021 (34.4)

 

 High school or above

978 (32.7)

943 (31.7)

792 (26.7)

701 (23.6)

 

Physical activity, n (%)

    

 < 0.001

 Low

1189 (39.5)

979 (32.6)

891 (29.7)

948 (31.6)

 

 Moderate

1054 (35.0)

1071 (35.7)

974 (32.4)

908 (30.2)

 

 Vigorous

768 (25.5)

951 (31.7)

1140 (37.9)

1148 (38.2)

 

Dietary intake

 Insoluble fiber, g/day

5.4 (1.3)

8.3 (0.7)

11.1 (1.0)

18.4 (8.2)

 < 0.001

 Energy, kcal/day

1826.4 (465.4)

2131.8 (424.4)

2252.2 (434.6)

2504.6 (496.7)

 < 0.001

 Protein, g/day

56.5 (17.1)

64.6 (15.7)

68.3 (16.0)

78.0 (19.2)

 < 0.001

 Fat, g/day

72.1 (29.8)

76.4 (28.4)

74.4 (28.3)

74.3 (31.1)

 < 0.001

 Carbohydrate, g/day

237.8 (80.1)

296.3 (75.9)

327.4 (78.8)

381.0 (102.5)

 < 0.001

 Sodium, g/day

4.5 (2.9)

5.0 (2.9)

5.2 (3.1)

5.4 (3.1)

 < 0.001

 Potassium, g/day

1.3 (0.4)

1.5 (0.3)

1.7 (0.4)

2.1 (0.8)

 < 0.001

 Sodium-to-potassium ratio

3.7 (2.5)

3.3 (2.0)

3.1 (1.9)

2.7 (1.6)

 < 0.001

  1. Variables are presented as mean (SD) or n (%)