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Fig. 1 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and diabetic retinopathy: nationwide cohort and Mendelian randomization studies

Fig. 1

Identification of eligible patients and development of cohorts in the study and the design of summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) model. A Identification of eligible patients and development of cohorts in the observational study. GLP-1 RAs, Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; DDD, Defined daily dose. B The design of summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) model. ×: there are no associations between genetic variants and exposure (or outcome). GWAS, Genome-Wide Association Study; eQTL, Expression quantitative trait loci; SMR, Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization; SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism; MAF, Minor allele frequency

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