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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants

From: Associations of reproductive factors with incidence of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke in postmenopausal women: a cohort study

 

Incident cardiovascular disease

(myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke)

P value

AMD or PR

(95% CI)

No

(n = 1,163,480)

Yes

(n = 61,067)

Age (years)

60.8 ± 8.0

66.9 ± 8.3

 < 0.0001

6.16 (6.10–6.23)

Income (quartile)

 Q1 (lowest)

269,311 (23.2)

13,247 (21.7)

 < 0.0001

1.00

 Q2

219,661 (18.9)

10,941 (17.9)

 

1.01 (0.99–1.04)

 Q3

289,069 (24.9)

14,843 (24.3)

 

1.04 (1.02–1.07)

 Q4 (highest)

385,439 (33.1)

22,036 (36.1)

 

1.15 (1.13–1.18)

Smoking status

 Never

1,121,142 (96.4)

57,779 (94.6)

 < 0.0001

1.00

 Ex-smoker

11,914 (1.02)

670 (1.1)

 

1.09 (1.01–1.17)

 Current smoker

30,424 (2.61)

2618 (4.3)

 

1.62 (1.56–1.68)

Alcohol consumption

 None

1,013,068 (87.1)

54,967 (90.0)

 < 0.0001

1.00

 Mild

144,190 (12.4)

5827 (9.5)

 

0.75 (0.74–0.78)

 Heavy

6222 (0.50)

273 (0.5)

 

0.82 (0.73–0.92)

Regular exercise

219,319 (18.9)

8764 (14.4)

 < 0.0001

0.73 (0.72–0.75)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.1 ± 3.1

24.4 ± 3.3

 < 0.0001

0.31 (0.28–0.33)

  < 18.5

24,611 (2.1)

1582 (2.6)

 

1.37 (1.31–1.44)

 18.5–23

406,916 (35.0)

18,704 (30.6)

 

1.00

 23–25

309,110 (26.6)

15,474 (25.3)

 

1.08 (1.06–1.11)

 25–30

375,149 (32.2)

22,075 (36.2)

 

1.26 (1.24–1.29)

  ≥ 30

47,694 (4.1)

3232 (5.29)

 

1.44 (1.39–1.50)

Systolic BP (mmHg)

125.2 ± 16.1

129.9 ± 17.0

 < 0.0001

4.71 (4.58–4.85)

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

76.8 ± 10.1

78.7 ± 10.4

 < 0.0001

1.94 (1.86–2.02)

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

99.0 ± 23.0

105.3 ± 33.8

 < 0.0001

6.30 (6.11–6.49)

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

209.01 ± 43.8

210.1 ± 45.1

 < 0.0001

0.96 (0.60–1.32)

Comorbidities

Hypertension

491,733 (42.3)

37,169 (60.9)

 < 0.0001

2.05 (2.01–2.08)

Diabetes mellitus

134,195 (11.5)

13,492 (22.1)

 < 0.0001

2.07 (2.03–2.11)

Dyslipidemia

376,475 (32.4)

21,960 (36.0)

 < 0.0001

1.16 (1.15–1.18)

Age at menarche (years)

16.4 ± 1.8

16.8 ± 1.8

 < 0.0001

0.36 (0.34–0.37)

 ≤ 12

11,793 (1.0)

373 (0.6)

 < 0.0001

0.89 (0.80–0.98)

 13–14

146,603 (12.6)

5251 (8.6)

 

1.00

 15

209,389 (18.0)

8718 (14.3)

 

1.16 (1.12–1.20)

 16

244,831 (21.0)

12,700 (20.8)

 

1.43 (1.38–1.47)

  ≥ 17

550,864 (47.4)

34,025 (55.7)

 

1.68 (1.64–1.73)

Age at menopause (years)

50.1 ± 4.0

49.6 ± 4.5

 < 0.0001

0.48 (0.45–0.51)

  < 40

19,301 (1.7)

1637 (2.7)

 < 0.0001

1.88 (1.79–1.98)

 40–45

115,815 (10.0)

8154 (13.4)

 

1.58 (1.54–1.62)

 46–50

527,997 (45.4)

28,694 (47.0)

 

1.24 (1.22–1.26)

 51–54

434,332 (37.3)

18,815 (30.8)

 

1.00

  ≥ 55

66,035 (5.7)

3767 (6.2)

 

1.30 (1.26–1.34)

Reproductive span (years)

33.6 ± 4.4

32.8 ± 4.9

 < 0.0001

0.84 (0.80–0.88)

  < 30

156,340 (13.4)

11,567 (18.9)

 < 0.0001

1.79 (1.74–1.84)

 30–33

351,323 (30.2)

20,109 (32.9)

 

1.41 (1.37–1.44)

 34–36

471,279 (40.5)

21,244 (34.8)

 

1.15 (1.13–1.18)

 37–40

161,421 (13.9)

6737 (11.0)

 

1.00

  ≥ 41

23,117 (2.0)

1410 (2.3)

 

1.37 (1.30–1.43)

Parity

 Nulliparity

28,295 (2.4)

990 (1.6)

 < 0.0001

1.00

 1

1,062,402 (91.3)

57,740 (94.6)

 

0.92 (0.86–0.99)

  ≥ 2

72,783 (6.3)

2337 (3.8)

 

1.52 (1.43–1.62)

Duration of breast feeding (months)

 Never

78,590 (6.8)

2410 (4.0)

 < 0.0001

1.00

  < 6

77,652 (6.7)

2195 (3.6)

 

0.92 (0.87–0.98)

 6–12

203,318 (17.5)

7776 (12.7)

 

1.24 (1.18–1.30)

  ≥ 12

803,920 (69.1)

48,686 (79.7)

 

1.92 (1.84–2.00)

Duration of HRT (years)

 Never

971,399 (83.5)

54,552 (89.3)

 < 0.0001

1.00

  < 2

112,034 (9.6)

3709 (6.1)

 

0.60 (0.58–0.62)

 2–5

45,869 (3.9)

1537 (2.5)

 

0.61 (0.58–0.64)

  ≥ 5

34,178 (2.9)

1269 (2.1)

 

0.67 (0.64–0.71)

Duration of OC use (years)

 Never

978,738 (84.1)

52,483 (85.9)

 < 0.0001

1.00

  < 1

111,850 (9.6)

4992 (8.2)

 

0.84 (0.82–0.86)

  ≥ 1

72,892 (6.3)

3592 (5.9)

 

0.92 (0.89–0.95)

  1. Data are expressed as means ± SD or n (%)
  2. AMD absolute mean difference, PR prevalence ratio, CI confidence interval, BP blood pressure, HRT hormone replacement therapy, OC oral contraceptive