Table 2 Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular disease according to reproductive factors (age at menarche, age at menopause, and reproductive span)

Age at menarche (years)

  ≤ 12

12,166

137

1.4

0.86 (0.72–1.02)

0.86 (0.72–1.02)

252

2.5

1.15 (1.01–1.31)

1.16 (1.02–1.31)

373

3.7

1.03 (0.93–1.14)

1.03 (0.93–1.15)

 13–14

151,854

2267

1.8

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

3238

2.6

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

5251

4.2

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

 15

218,107

3712

2.1

1.02 (0.97–1.07)

1.01 (0.96–1.07)

5418

3.0

1.01 (0.96–1.05)

1.00 (0.96–1.04)

8718

4.9

1.01 (0.98–1.05)

1.01 (0.97–1.04)

 16

257,531

5268

2.5

1.07 (1.01–1.12)

1.06 (1.01–1.11)

8074

3.8

1.08 (1.03–1.12)

1.07 (1.03–1.11)

12,700

6.1

1.08 (1.04–1.11)

1.07 (1.03–1.10)

  ≥ 17

584,889

13,797

2.9

1.08 (1.03–1.13)

1.06 (1.02–1.11)

22,014

4.6

1.11 (1.07–1.15)

1.09 (1.05–1.13)

34,025

7.2

1.10 (1.07–1.13)

1.08 (1.05–1.12)

 P for trend

 < 0.0001

0.0002

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

Age at menopause (years)

  < 40

20,938

686

4.0

1.41 (1.30–1.52)

1.40 (1.30–1.52)

1048

6.2

1.32 (1.24–1.40)

1.31 (1.23–1.39)

1637

9.8

1.36 (1.29–1.43)

1.35 (1.28–1.42)

 40–45

123,969

3372

3.3

1.24 (1.19–1.30)

1.24 (1.19–1.29)

5246

5.2

1.18 (1.15–1.22)

1.18 (1.14–1.22)

8154

8.2

1.21 (1.18–1.24)

1.21 (1.17–1.24)

 46–50

556,691

11,771

2.6

1.12 (1.09–1.16)

1.12 (1.09–1.16)

18,400

4.1

1.12 (1.09–1.14)

1.12 (1.09–1.14)

28,694

6.4

1.12 (1.10–1.14)

1.12 (1.10–1.14)

 51–54

453,147

7833

2.1

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

11,860

3.2

1(Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

18,815

5.1

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

  ≥ 55

69,802

1519

2.6

0.99 (0.93–1.04)

0.98 (0.93–1.04)

2442

4.3

1.01(0.97–1.06)

1.01 (0.97–1.05)

3767

6.7

1.00 (0.96–1.03)

1.00 (0.96–1.03)

 P for trend

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

Reproductive span (years)^a

  < 30

167,907

4735

3.5

1.33 (1.27–1.39)

1.32 (1.26–1.38)

7495

5.5

1.27 (1.23–1.32)

1.26 (1.22–1.31)

11,567

8.6

1.30 (1.26–1.33)

1.29 (1.25–1.32)

 30–33

371,432

8250

2.7

1.20 (1.16–1.25)

1.19 (1.15–1.24)

12,909

4.3

1.17 (1.14–1.21)

1.17 (1.13–1.20)

20,109

6.7

1.19 (1.16–1.22)

1.18 (1.15–1.21)

 34–36

401,857

7444

2.2

1.12 (1.08–1.17)

1.12 (1.08–1.16)

11,298

3.4

1.10 (1.07–1.14)

1.10 (1.06–1.13)

17,877

5.5

1.11 (1.08–1.14)

1.11 (1.08–1.13)

 37–40

240,950

3861

1.9

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

5842

2.9

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

9284

4.7

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

  ≥ 41

42,401

891

2.6

1.03 (0.96–1.11)

1.03 (0.96–1.11)

1452

4.2

1.06 (1.00–1.12)

1.06 (1.00–1.13)

2230

6.5

1.05 (1.00–1.10)

1.05 (1.00–1.10)

 P for trend

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001