Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants in a study of arrhythmias in the UK Biobank
Characteristic | Total N=478,524 | None of arrhythmias N=445,647 | Any arrhythmias N=32,877 | Atrial fibrillation/flutter N=24,484 | Ventricular arrhythmia N=3789 | Bradyarrhythmia N=10,527 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 56.4 ± 8.1 | 56.0 ± 8.1 | 61.7 ± 6.3 | 62.0 ± 6.0 | 60.3 ± 7.1 | 61.8 ± 6.3 |
Female, n (%) | 261,564 (54.66) | 249,713 (56.03) | 11,851 (36.05) | 9139 (37.33) | 1155 (30.48) | 3237 (30.75) |
White race, n (%) | 450,543 (94.60) | 418,996 (94.46) | 31,547 (96.53) | 23,701 (97.34) | 3544 (94.13) | 9974 (95.44) |
Townsend deprivation index | −1.3 ± 3.1 | −1.3 ± 3.1 | −1.2 ± 3.2 | −1.2 ± 3.2 | −0.8 ± 3.3 | −1.2 ± 3.1 |
Educational level, n (%) | ||||||
 College degree | 155,367 (32.86) | 147,043 (33.38) | 8324 (25.70) | 6113 (25.34) | 940 (25.26) | 2727 (26.29) |
 High school graduate | 53,340 (11.28) | 50,480 (11.46) | 2860 (8.83) | 2119 (8.78) | 349 (9.38) | 863 (8.32) |
 Middle school graduate | 101,327 (21.43) | 94,899 (21.55) | 6428 (19.85) | 4817 (19.97) | 726 (19.51) | 2049 (19.76) |
 None of the above | 162,808 (34.43) | 148,033 (33.61) | 14,775 (45.62) | 11,074 (45.91) | 1707 (45.86) | 4732 (45.86) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.39 ± 4.8 | 27.3 ± 4.7 | 28.9 ± 5.3 | 29.1 ± 5.4 | 28.6 ± 5.2 | 28.8 ± 5.0 |
Smoking status, n (%) | ||||||
 Never | 261,551 (54.94) | 246,970 (55.69) | 14,581 (44.66) | 10,736 (44.17) | 1539 (40.90) | 4835 (46.27) |
 Former | 164,013 (34.45) | 149,806 (33.78) | 14,207 (43.52) | 10,768 (44.30) | 1592 (42.31) | 4544 (43.49) |
 Current | 50,525 (10.61) | 46,665 (10.52) | 3860 (11.82) | 2803 (11.53) | 632 (16.80) | 1070 (10.24) |
Daily alcohol, n (%) | ||||||
 Daily or almost daily | 96,967 (20.31) | 89,261 (20.07) | 7706 (23.51) | 5903 (24.18) | 857 (22.68) | 2357 (22.46) |
 Three or four times a week | 110,464 (23.14) | 103,313 (23.23) | 7151 (21.82) | 5318 (21.79) | 807 (21.36) | 2295 (21.87) |
 Once or twice a week | 123,611 (25.89) | 115,826 (26.05) | 7785 (23.75) | 5832 (23.89) | 897 (23.74) | 2531 (24.11) |
 Less once a week | 108,252 (22.67) | 101,181 (22.75) | 7071 (21.57) | 5153 (21.11) | 820 (21.70) | 2315 (22.06) |
 Never | 38,175 (8.00) | 35,108 (7.89) | 3067 (9.36) | 2204 (9.03) | 397 (10.51) | 998 (9.51) |
Physical activity, n (%) | ||||||
 Light | 160,870 (35.49) | 150,391 (35.59) | 10,479 (34.21) | 7780 (34.14) | 1249 (35.88) | 3280 (33.35) |
 Moderate | 113,373 (25.01) | 105,933 (25.07) | 7440 (24.29) | 5576 (24.47) | 831 (23.87) | 2429 (24.70) |
 High | 178,998 (39.49) | 166,290 (39.35) | 12,708 (41.49) | 9430 (41.39) | 1401 (40.25) | 4125 (41.95) |
Disease history at baseline | ||||||
 Hypertension | 133,643 (27.93) | 117,606 (26.39) | 16,037 (48.78) | 12,162 (49.68) | 1824 (48.14) | 5217 (49.56) |
 Heart attack | 10,038 (2.10) | 7597 (1.70) | 2441 (7.43) | 1692 (6.91) | 488 (12.88) | 916 (8.70) |
 Angina | 17,719 (3.70) | 14,001 (3.14) | 3718 (11.31) | 2681 (10.95) | 533 (14.07) | 1388 (13.19) |
 Stroke | 7360 (1.54) | 6071 (1.36) | 1289 (3.92) | 1001 (4.09) | 146 (3.85) | 407 (3.87) |
 Diabetes | 25,316 (5.29) | 21,439 (4.81) | 3877 (11.79) | 2772 (11.32) | 548 (14.46) | 1453 (13.80) |
 Hyperlipidemia | 64,747 (13.53) | 56,398 (12.66) | 8349 (25.40) | 6120 (25.00) | 1042 (27.51) | 2966 (28.19) |
 Diseases of blood and blood-forming organs (DBBF) | 4320 (0.90) | 3846 (0.86) | 474 (1.44) | 375 (1.53) | 74 (1.95) | 109 (1.04) |
 Chronic diseases involving the immune mechanism | 65,347 (13.66) | 60,361 (13.55) | 4986 (15.17) | 3749 (15.32) | 618 (16.31) | 1526 (14.50) |
 Malignant neoplasms | 41,796 (8.74) | 37,867 (8.50) | 3929 (11.95) | 3046 (12.44) | 423 (11.17) | 1135 (10.79) |
Systemic inflammation indicators | ||||||
 C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L) | 2.59 ± 4.34 | 2.53 ± 4.25 | 3.30 ± 5.32 | 3.36 ± 5.37 | 3.58 ± 6.02 | 3.07 ± 4.80 |
 Neutrophil count (10^9 cells/L) | 4.22 ± 1.42 | 4.20 ± 1.41 | 4.49 ± 1.52 | 4.49 ± 1.52 | 4.67 ± 1.66 | 4.45 ± 1.48 |
 Monocyte count (10^9 cells/L) | 0.47 ± 0.27 | 0.47 ± 0.27 | 0.52 ± 0.30 | 0.52 ± 0.33 | 0.54 ± 0.22 | 0.52 ± 0.22 |
 Lymphocyte count (10^9 cells/L) | 1.97 ± 1.15 | 1.97 ± 1.15 | 1.96 ± 1.19 | 1.96 ± 1.27 | 1.98 ± 1.04 | 1.97 ± 1.01 |
 Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) | 598.99 ± 367.44 | 596.47 ± 355.89 | 633.07 ± 496.89 | 635.53 ± 525.87 | 673.37 ± 762.95 | 616.75 ± 391.01 |
 Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | 2.35 ± 1.24 | 2.34 ± 1.20 | 2.57 ± 1.76 | 2.59 ± 1.88 | 2.71 ± 2.90 | 2.53 ± 1.32 |
 Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) | 142.07 ± 69.11 | 142.23 ± 67.88 | 139.96 ± 84.00 | 140.18 ± 90.12 | 142.69 ± 148.84 | 137.89 ± 60.54 |
 Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) | 4.64 ± 4.26 | 4.67 ± 4.32 | 4.23 ± 3.17 | 4.21 ± 3.12 | 4.22 ± 4.04 | 4.21 ± 2.86 |
Follow-up years (years) | 12.21 ± 2.35 | 12.58 ± 1.75 | 7.17 ± 3.32 | 7.13 ± 3.36 | 7.24 ± 3.28 | 7.79 ± 3.06 |