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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants in total and by incident CVD and T2DM

From: Association of frailty with the incidence risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in long-term cancer survivors: a prospective cohort study

Variable

Analytic sample 1

Analytic sample 2

Total (N=13,388)

No CVD (N=12,008)

CVD (N=1380)

P value

Total (N=6101)

No T2DM (N=5914)

T2DM (N=187)

P value

Cancer typea

        

 Breast cancer

5500 (41.1)

5092 (42.4)

408 (29.6)

<0.001

2488 (40.8)

2418 (40.9)

70 (37.4)

0.365

 Colorectal cancer

1064 (8.0)

938 (7.8)

126 (9.1)

0.086

524 (8.6)

511 (8.6)

13 (7.0)

0.507

 Prostate cancer

958 (7.2)

793 (6.6)

165 (12.0)

<0.001

427 (7.0)

406 (6.9)

21 (11.2)

0.028

 Kidney cancer

208 (1.6)

172 (1.4)

36 (2.6)

0.001

115 (1.9)

107 (1.8)

8 (4.3)

0.024

 Other

5773 (43.1)

5118 (42.6)

655 (47.5)

<0.001

2598 (42.6)

2522 (42.6)

76 (40.6)

0.600

Age, years

61.9 (56.4, 65.7)

61.7 (56.0, 65.5)

63.6 (59.8, 66.9)

<0.001

62.1 (56.8, 65.8)

62.0 (56.7, 65.8)

63.7 (60.0, 67.2)

<0.001

Sex

   

<0.001

   

<0.001

 Female

9641 (72.0)

8874 (73.9)

767 (55.6)

 

4376 (71.7)

4264 (72.1)

112 (59.9)

 

 Male

3747 (28.0)

3134 (26.1)

613 (44.4)

 

1725 (28.3)

1650 (27.9)

75 (40.1)

 

Ethnicity

   

0.142

   

0.002

 White

13,072 (97.6)

11,733 (97.7)

1339 (97.0)

 

6005 (98.4)

5827 (98.5)

178 (95.2)

 

 Mixed background

46 (0.3)

41 (0.3)

5 (0.4)

 

14 (0.2)

12 (0.2)

2 (1.1)

 

 Asian

91 (0.7)

74 (0.6)

17 (1.2)

 

31 (0.5)

27 (0.5)

4 (2.1)

 

 Black

92 (0.7)

84 (0.7)

8 (0.6)

 

25 (0.4)

24 (0.4)

1 (0.5)

 

 Chinese

23 (0.2)

21 (0.2)

2 (0.1)

 

7 (0.1)

6 (0.1)

1 (0.5)

 

 Other backgrounds

64 (0.5)

55 (0.5)

9 (0.7)

 

19 (0.3)

18 (0.3)

1 (0.5)

 

Educational attainment

   

<0.001

   

0.007

 High

4129 (30.8)

3782 (31.5)

347 (25.1)

 

1855 (30.4)

1812 (30.6)

43 (23.0)

 

 Intermediate

4378 (32.7)

3972 (33.1)

406 (29.4)

 

1926 (31.6)

1873 (31.7)

53 (28.3)

 

 Low

4881 (36.5)

4254 (35.4)

627 (45.4)

 

2320 (38.0)

2229 (37.7)

91 (48.7)

 

Occupational status

   

<0.001

   

0.009

 Working

5618 (42.0)

5175 (43.1)

443 (32.1)

 

2480 (40.6)

2424 (41.0)

56 (29.9)

 

 Retired

6751 (50.4)

5930 (49.4)

821 (59.5)

 

3172 (52.0)

3059 (51.7)

113 (60.4)

 

 Otherb

1019 (7.6)

903 (7.5)

116 (8.4)

 

449 (7.4)

431 (7.3)

18 (9.6)

 

Townsend deprivation index

-2.4 (-3.7, 0.0)

-2.4 (-3.7, -0.0)

-2.2 (-3.5, 0.6)

0.001

-2.4 (-3.8, 0.0)

-2.4 (-3.8, 0.0)

-2.4 (-3.6, 0.4)

0.493

Alcohol consumption

   

0.002

   

0.083

 Never or occasional

2791 (20.8)

2459 (20.5)

332 (24.1)

 

1253 (20.5)

1202 (20.3)

51 (27.3)

 

 1–3 times/month

1464 (10.9)

1299 (10.8)

165 (12.0)

 

685 (11.2)

661 (11.2)

24 (12.8)

 

 1–4 times/week

6369 (47.6)

5771 (48.1)

598 (43.3)

 

2889 (47.4)

2811 (47.5)

78 (41.7)

 

 Daily

2764 (20.6)

2479 (20.6)

285 (20.7)

 

1274 (20.9)

1240 (21.0)

34 (18.2)

 

Smoking status

   

<0.001

   

0.711

 Non-smoker

7112 (53.1)

6510 (54.2)

602 (43.6)

 

3209 (52.6)

3116 (52.7)

93 (49.7)

 

 Ever-smoker

5044 (37.7)

4431 (36.9)

613 (44.4)

 

2332 (38.2)

2257 (38.2)

75 (40.1)

 

 Current smoker

1232 (9.2)

1067 (8.9)

165 (12.0)

 

560 (9.2)

541 (9.1)

19 (10.2)

 

Regular exercise, yes

7111 (53.1)

6443 (53.7)

668 (48.4)

<0.001

3286 (53.9)

3213 (54.3)

73 (39.0)

<0.001

BMI, kg/m2

26.4 (23.8, 29.6)

26.3 (23.8, 29.5)

27.4 (24.6, 30.8)

<0.001

26.4 (23.8, 29.4)

26.3 (23.8, 29.3)

30.3 (27.7, 33.3)

<0.001

Family history of CVD, yes

8016 (59.9)

7127 (59.4)

889 (64.4)

<0.001

—

—

—

—

Family history of diabetes, yes

—

—

—

—

1183 (19.4)

1119 (18.9)

64 (34.2)

<0.001

FP_Frailty

   

<0.001

   

<0.001

 Non-frail

6598 (49.3)

6016 (50.1)

582 (42.2)

 

3039 (49.8)

2977 (50.3)

62 (33.2)

 

 Pre-frail

6114 (45.7)

5460 (45.5)

654 (47.4)

 

2755 (45.2)

2647 (44.8)

108 (57.8)

 

 Frail

676 (5.0)

532 (4.4)

144 (10.4)

 

307 (5.0)

290 (4.9)

17 (9.1)

 

FI_Frailty

   

<0.001

   

<0.001

 Non-frail

4247 (31.7)

3965 (33.0)

282 (20.4)

 

1894 (31.0)

1872 (31.7)

22 (11.8)

 

 Pre-frail

7077 (52.9)

6324 (52.7)

753 (54.6)

 

3249 (53.3)

3140 (53.1)

109 (58.3)

 

 Frail

2064 (15.4)

1719 (14.3)

345 (25.0)

 

958 (15.7)

902 (15.3)

56 (29.9)

 
  1. The data are expressed as numbers and percentages for categorical variables and medians and inter-quartile range (IQR) for continuous variables. The P values were generated using χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively
  2. CVD, cardiovascular disease; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; FP_Frailty, frailty defined by the frailty phenotype; FI_Frailty, frailty defined by the frailty index
  3. aPercentages did not sum to 100 because some participants had more than one cancer diagnosis
  4. bOther includes unemployed, student, volunteer, and so on