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Table 2 Primary analysis showing the associations of frailty (three-categorical) with incident CVD and T2DM among long-term cancer survivors.

From: Association of frailty with the incidence risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in long-term cancer survivors: a prospective cohort study

 

No. of events/No. of participants

Events/1000 person-years

Model 1

Model 2

 

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

CVD

 FP_Frailty

    

  Non-frail

582/6598

7.7

Ref.

Ref.

  Pre-frail

654/6114

9.6

1.31 (1.17, 1.46)

1.18 (1.05, 1.32)

  Frail

144/676

21.3

2.97 (2.47, 3.57)

2.12 (1.73, 2.60)

  P for trend

—

—

<0.001

<0.001

  P for per 1-point increase

—

—

<0.001

<0.001

 FI_Frailty

    

  Non-frail

282/4247

5.7

Ref.

Ref.

  Pre-frail

753/7077

9.5

1.68 (1.46, 1.92)

1.51 (1.32, 1.74)

  Frail

345/2064

15.7

2.83 (2.42, 3.32)

2.19 (1.85, 2.59)

  P for trend

—

—

<0.001

<0.001

  P for per 0.1-point increase

—

—

<0.001

<0.001

T2DM

 FP_Frailty

    

  Non-frail

62/3039

2.8

Ref.

Ref.

  Pre-frail

108/2755

5.4

2.05 (1.50, 2.80)

1.46 (1.04, 2.05)

  Frail

17/307

8.0

2.96 (1.73, 5.06)

1.29 (0.69, 2.39)

  P for trend

—

—

<0.001

0.084

  P for per 1-point increase

—

—

<0.001

0.083

 FI_Frailty

    

  Non-frail

22/1894

1.6

Ref.

Ref.

  Pre-frail

109/3249

4.6

2.89 (1.82, 4.59)

2.40 (1.51, 3.82)

  Frail

56/958

8.2

5.18 (3.15, 8.53)

3.09 (1.81, 5.26)

  P for trend

—

—

<0.001

<0.001

  P for per 0.1-point increase

—

—

<0.001

<0.001

  1. Linear trends were tested using FP_Frailty and FI_Frailty (three-categorical) as continuous variables
  2. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex
  3. Model 2 was further adjusted for ethnicity, educational attainment, occupational status, Townsend deprivation index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, regular exercise, body mass index, and family history of CVD (or diabetes)
  4. CVD, cardiovascular disease; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; FP_Frailty, frailty defined by the frailty phenotype; FI_Frailty, frailty defined by the frailty index