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Table 3 Summary of observed data and modelled outputs (median and 95% CrI in parenthesis) by respective time periods in 2020 for wild-type SARS-CoV-2 transmission

From: Relative role of border restrictions, case finding and contact tracing in controlling SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of undetected transmission: a mathematical modelling study

Observed data () and modelled outputs ()

Time period in 2020

Overall Jan–Dec

Jan 18–Feb 29

Mar 1–Apr 6

Apr 7–Jun 18

Jun 19–Jul 12

Jul 13–Dec 31

Imported cases

 Isolated for testing on arrival or quarantined

1653

0

50

5

78

1520

 Not quarantined

547

29

497

0

4

17

Local cases (by time of isolation)

 Linked

1505

65

606

610

113

111

 Unlinked

864

20

204

420

107

113

Missed cases

4400 (2400–11,000)

25 (8–100)

730 (230–3600)

2200 (1500–4100)

280 (100–1100)

1100 (360–2800)

Total cases (adjusted by time of infection and missed cases)

7100 (4800–14,000)

130 (90–220)

1900 (1300–4900)

2900 (2200–5100)

590 (350–1500)

1400 (620–3100)

ICU cases (by time of isolation)

86

13

44

28

1

0

Deaths (by time of isolation)

22

2

11

9

0

0

Case ICU risk (%)

3.3 (2.5–4.0)

23.2 (16.2–32.4)

4.0 (3.0–5.0)

2.0 (1.5–2.4)

0.3 (0.2–0.4)

0 (0–0)

Infection ICU risk (%)

1.2 (0.6–1.8)

18.2 (10.8–26.3)

2.4 (1.0–3.7)

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

0.2 (0.07–0.3)

0 (0–0)

Case fatality ratio (%)

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

3.8 (2.6–5.3)

1.2 (0.9–1.5)

0.5 (0.4–0.6)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

Infection fatality ratio (%)

0.3 (0.2–0.5)

3.0 (1.7–4.3)

0.7 (0.3–1.1)

0.1 (0.07–0.2)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)