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Table 3 The independent and interaction effect of BW and GA on BP, LV structure, and function

From: The association of gestational age and birthweight with blood pressure, cardiac structure, and function in 4 years old: a prospective birth cohort study

 

BW

GA

 
 

Crude Model

Model 1

Model 2

Crude Model

Model 1

Model 2

P for interaction#

Blood pressure

 SBP (mmHg)

0.79 (− 0.24, 1.81)

 − 0.03 (− 1.31, 1.24)

 − 0.77 (− 2.02, 0.48)

 − 0.30 (− 0.58, − 0.02)

 − 0.47 (− 0.84, − 0.11)

 − 0.41 (− 0.76, − 0.07)

0.63

 DBP (mmHg)

 − 0.47 (− 1.29, 0.36)

 − 0.29 (− 1.39, 0.81)

 − 0.59 (− 1.71, 0.52)

 − 0.15 (− 0.38, 0.08)

 − 0.17 (− 0.49, 0.15)

 − 0.16 (− 0.48, 0.16)

0.97

 MAP (mmHg)

 − 0.22 (− 1.00, 0.56)

 − 0.51 (− 1.54, 0.52)

 − 0.95 (− 1.99, 0.08)

 − 0.21 (− 0.43, 0.01)

 − 0.38 (− 0.67, − 0.08)

 − 0.36 (− 0.66, − 0.07)

0.98

LV structure

 IVSd (mm)

0.04 (− 0.03, 0.12)

0.03 (− 0.06, 0.12)

0.02 (− 0.07, 0.12)

 − 0.01 (− 0.03, 0.01)

 − 0.02 (− 0.05, 0.01)

 − 0.41 (− 0.92, 0.11)

0.51

 LVIDd (mm)

1.04 (0.71, 1.38)

1.02 (0.61, 1.43)

0.78 (0.37, 1.19)

0.11 (0.01, 0.20)

0.11 (− 0.01, 0.23)

 − 0.02 (− 0.05, 0.01)

0.01

 LVPWd (mm)

0.13 (0.54, 0.21)

0.11 (0.01, 0.21)

0.08 (− 0.02, 0.18)

 − 0.01 (− 0.03, 0.01)

 − 0.16 (− 0.05, 0.01)

 − 0.02 (− 0.04, 0.01)

0.97

 IVSs (mm)

0.31 (0.18, 0.44)

0.24 (0.09, 0.40)

0.18 (0.02, 0.34)

0.02 (− 0.02, 0.05)

0.01 (− 0.03, 0.06)

0.01 (− 0.03, 0.06)

0.90

 LVIDs (mm)

0.71 (0.44, 0.97)

0.93 (0.61, 1.26)

0.79 (0.46, 1.11)

0.05 (− 0.02, 0.13)

0.10 (0.00, 0.19)

0.10 (0.00, 0.19)

0.08

 LVPWs (mm)

0.24 (0.12, 0.36)

0.12 (− 0.04, 0.28)

0.03 (− 0.13, 0.19)

0.00 (− 0.03, 0.04)

 − 0.01 (− 0.06, 0.04)

 − 0.01 (− 0.05, 0.04)

0.18

 RWT

0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01)

0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01)

0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01)

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)

0.31

 LVM (g)

2.58 (1.78, 3.39)

2.44 (1.42, 3.45)

1.88 (0.87, 2.90)

0.09 (− 0.15, 0.33)

0.00 (− 0.30, 0.31)

0.01 (− 0.28, 0.30)

0.05

 LVMI (g/cm2.7)

0.66 (0.01, 1.30)

0.59 (− 0.26, 1.25)

0.15 (− 0.69, 1.00)

0.09 (− 0.10, 0.28)

0.09 (− 0.15, 0.33)

0.09 (− 0.15, 0.33)

0.67

 cIMT (*10−2 mm)

0.28 (− 0.53, 1.09)

0.04 (− 1.00, 1.09)

0.08 (− 0.99, 1.15)

0.11 (− 0.11, 0.32)

0.16 (− 0.12, 0.45)

0.16 (− 0.12, 0.45)

0.51

LV function

 LVEF (%)

 − 0.15 (− 0.71, 0.42)

 − 1.00 (− 1.73, − 0.28)

 − 1.02 (− 1.76, − 0.27)

0.05 (− 0.11, 0.20)

 − 0.13 (− 0.34, 0.08)

 − 0.13 (− 0.34, 0.08)

0.74

 LVFS (%)

 − 0.03 (− 0.47, 0.42)

 − 0.71 (− 1.28, − 0.14)

 − 0.72 (− 1.31, − 0.14)

0.04 (− 0.08, 0.17)

 − 0.10 (− 0.26, 0.07)

 − 0.10 (− 0.26, 0.07)

0.61

 Tei index (%)

 − 0.23 (− 1.06, 0.60)

0.03 (− 1.05, 1.12)

0.16 (− 0.94, 1.26)

 − 0.12 (− 0.36, 0.11)

0.03 (− 0.28, 0.34)

0.03 (− 0.28, 0.34)

0.63

 E/A

0.00 (− 0.04, 0.04)

0.01 (− 0.05, 0.06)

0.01 (− 0.04, 0.07)

0.00 (− 0.01, 0.02)

0.01 (− 0.01, 0.26)

0.01 (− 0.01, 0.03)

0.82

 CO (L/min)

0.24 (0.08, 0.40)

0.24 (0.04, 0.44)

0.15 (− 0.06, 0.35)

 − 0.01 (− 0.06, 0.03)

 − 0.02 (− 0.08, 0.04)

 − 0.01 (− 0.07, 0.04)

0.53

 SV (ml)

3.91 (2.21, 5.61)

4.35 (2.19, 6.51)

3.40 (1.23, 5.56)

0.07 (− 0.40, 0.54)

0.10 (− 0.52, 0.71)

0.11 (− 0.49, 0.72)

0.80

 TPVR (dynes*s/cm5)

 − 77.19 (− 141.11, − 13.26)

 − 93.15 (− 177.34, − 8.96)

 − 75.53 (− 160.79, 9.74)

6.17 (− 11.09, 23.48)

3.85 (− 20.19, 27.88)

2.87 (− 21.03, 26.77)

0.53

 EDV (ml)

3.74 (2.56, 4.93)

3.72(2.24, 5.19)

2.86 (1.39, 4.32)

0.36 (0.01, 0.70)

0.39 (− 0.04, 0.83)

0.40 (− 0.02, 0.81)

0.009

 ESV (ml)

1.38 (0.87, 1.88)

1.80 (1.17, 2.44)

1.51 (0.87, 2.15)

0.09 (− 0.05, 0.23)

0.19 (0.00, 0.38)

0.19 (0.01, 0.37)

0.07

 VTI (cm)

0.02 (− 0.43, 0.46)

0.11 (− 0.48, 0.69)

 − 0.08 (− 0.67, 0.51)

 − 0.05 (− 0.17, 0.08)

 − 0.04 (− 0.21, 0.12)

0.04 (− 0.21, 0.12)

1.00

 GLS (%)

 − 0.15 (− 0.56, 0.26)

 − 0.40 (− 0.94, 0.15)

 − 0.32 (− 0.87, 0.23)

0.07 (− 0.05, 0.18)

 − 0.01 (− 0.16, 0.15)

 − 0.01 (− 0.17, 0.15)

0.09

  1. The data were presented as β (95% CI) in linear regression models. The missing values were not inputted (crude model: n = 943, model 1: n = 786, model 2: n = 583)
  2. The bold values were P < 0.05
  3. Model 1: adjusted for maternal nationality, scholarship, income, HDP, GDM, drink history, passive smoke history, and gender of children
  4. Model 2: model 1 + BMI at 4 years old
  5. BW Birthweight, GA Gestational age, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, LV Left ventricle, IVSd Ventricle interventricular septal thickness in diastole, LVIDd LV internal diameter in diastole, LVPWd LV posterior wall thickness in diastole, IVSs Ventricle interventricular septal thickness in systole, LVIDs LV internal diameter in systole, LVPWs LV posterior wall thickness in systole, RWT Relative wall thickness, LVM Left ventricle mass, LVMI LV mass index, cIMT carotid artery intima-media thickness, LVEF LV ejection fraction, LVFS LV fractional shorting, CO Cardiac output, SV Stroke volume, TPVR Total peripheral vascular resistance, MAP Mean arterial pressure, EDV End diastolic volume, ESV End systolic volume, VTI Velocity time integral, GLS Global longitudinal strain, BMI Body mass index, HDP Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy,GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus
  6. #Adjusted for maternal nationality, scholarship, income, HDP, GDM, drink history, passive smoking, gender of children, and BMI at 4
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BMC Medicine

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