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Fig. 2 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Liver biomarkers, lipid metabolites, and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a prospective study among Chinese pregnant women

Fig. 2

Forest plots for associations between HSI, lipids, and GDM risk (n=948). Results were expressed as difference (95% CI) of lipid z-score for per SD increment of HSI on the log scale and odds ratio (95% CI) of GDM for per unit increment of lipid z-score. Models were adjusted for maternal age, gestational age, parity, family history of diabetes, history of GDM, pre-pregnancy BMI, systolic blood pressure, smoke status, alcohol drinking status, physical activity, and fasting blood glucose. Pre-pregnancy BMI was treated as a categorical variable (<18.5, 18.5-24.0, and ≥24.0 kg/m2) in the multivariable model for associations between HSI and HSI-related lipids. Proportions of mediation were calculated according to the formula: (indirect effect / total effect on the log scale) × 100%. * Indirect effects were significant according to confidence intervals obtained by bootstrapping approach with 1000 samples. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; Cer, ceramide; CI, confidence interval; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HSI, hepatic steatosis index; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; LPC(O), lyso alkylphosphatidylcholine; PC, Phosphatidylcholine; PC(O), alkylphosphatidylcholine; PC(P), Phosphatidylcholine plasmalogen; SD, standard deviation; SM, sphingomyelin; TG, triacylglycerol

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