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Table 2 Adjusted hazard ratios of Life’s Essential 8 cardiovascular health (CVH) score with risk of all-cause mortality, NHANES 2005–2018

From: Association of the American Heart Association’s new “Life’s Essential 8” with all-cause and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality: prospective cohort study

CVH components

CVH score, HR (95% CI)

P for trendc

PAF

0–49

50–74

75–100

Score ≥ 75 vs. < 75 points

Score ≥ 85 vs. < 85 points

Total

 Cases/participants

711/4810

936/11,257

158/3884

   

 Age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted

1.00 (reference)

0.48 (0.41–0.57)

0.28 (0.21–0.36)

 < 0.001

  

 Fully adjusteda

1.00 (reference)

0.60 (0.51–0.71)

0.42 (0.32–0.56)

 < 0.001

33.4

33.6

Diet

 Cases/participants

869/8761

498/5426

438/5764

   

 Age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted

1.00 (reference)

0.74 (0.63–0.86)

0.57 (0.48–0.68)

 < 0.001

  

 Fully adjustedb

1.00 (reference)

0.89 (0.77–1.04)

0.81 (0.68–0.98)

0.025

11.0

25.2

Physical activity

 Cases/participants

1277/11,133

66/1008

462/7810

   

 Age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted

1.00 (reference)

0.61 (0.44–0.85)

0.52 (0.43–0.62)

 < 0.001

  

 Fully adjustedb

1.00 (reference)

0.79 (0.58–1.10)

0.72 (0.60–0.87)

 < 0.001

16.5

21.5

Nicotine exposure

 Cases/participants

623/5213

87/691

1095/14,047

   

 Age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted

1.00 (reference)

0.69 (0.52–0.93)

0.42 (0.37–0.48)

 < 0.001

  

 Fully adjustedb

1.00 (reference)

0.85 (0.64–1.15)

0.61 (0.52–0.73)

 < 0.001

14.7

18.3

Sleep health

 Cases/participants

402/3508

392/4420

1011/12,023

   

 Age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted

1.00 (reference)

0.61 (0.49–0.75)

0.54 (0.45–0.65)

 < 0.001

  

 Fully adjustedb

1.00 (reference)

0.80 (0.64–0.99)

0.76 (0.63–0.92)

 < 0.001

5.4

6.1

Body mass index

 Cases/participants

757/8422

582/6681

466/4848

   

 Age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted

1.00 (reference)

0.68 (0.57–0.80)

0.89 (0.76–1.05)

0.019

  

 Fully adjustedb

1.00 (reference)

0.86 (0.72–1.02)

1.09 (0.93–1.29)

0.019

NAd

NAd

Blood lipids (non-HDL cholesterol)

 Cases/participants

662/7557

308/4697

835/7697

   

 Age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted

1.00 (reference)

0.91 (0.72–1.15)

1.13 (0.99–1.29)

0.045

  

 Fully adjustedb

1.00 (reference)

1.01 (0.80–1.28)

1.12 (0.98–1.29)

0.045

NAd

NAd

Blood glucose

 Cases/participants

594/3660

669/7811

542/8480

   

 Age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted

1.00 (reference)

0.56 (0.47–0.67)

0.51 (0.41–0.63)

 < 0.001

  

 Fully adjustedb

1.00 (reference)

0.66 (0.55–0.81)

0.68 (0.55–0.84)

 < 0.001

4.7

7.3

Blood pressure

 Cases/participants

779/5583

342/4051

684/10,317

   

 Age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted

1.00 (reference)

0.77 (0.64–0.93)

0.76 (0.64–0.89)

0.002

  

 Fully adjusted b

1.00 (reference)

0.85 (0.71–1.02)

0.83 (0.72–0.95)

0.002

5.8

18.2

  1. CVH cardiovascular health, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, NA not available, PAF population-attributable fraction
  2. aAdjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, ratio of family income poverty, and history of heart disease and stroke
  3. bAdjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, ratio of family income poverty, history of heart disease and stroke, diet, nicotine exposure, physical activity, sleep health, body mass index, blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure. When the association between each CVH metric and mortality was evaluated, this metric was excluded from the adjustment
  4. cTests for linear trends across three categories of cardiovascular health metrics scores were performed by modeling the median value within each category as a continuous variable
  5. dThe individual PAFs were not calculated since the individual cardiovascular health metrics with adjusted HRs were ≥ 1.0 (e.g., BMI or blood lipids)