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Table 2 Effect of the intervention on oral and overall health outcomes between the intervention and control groups of children living with HIV (all dentitions, mixed dentition, permanent teeth dentition types at baseline)

From: Impact of oral intervention on the oral and overall health of children living with HIV in Cambodia: a randomized controlled trial

Variables

Intervention × time

All dentition types at baseline

Mixed dentition at baseline

Permanent teeth dentition at baseline

Estimate

95% CI

P value

Estimate

95% CI

P value

Estimate

95% CI

P value

Viral load detected (n, %)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

1.25

0.58

2.69

0.56

1.04

0.41

2.69

0.93

2.17

0.47

9.95

0.32

Height for age (mean, SD)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

0.01

 − 0.01

0.03

0.32

0.01

 − 0.02

0.03

0.65

 <  − 0.01

 − 0.02

0.02

0.83

Body mass index for age (mean, SD)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

 − 0.02

 − 0.05

0.01

0.15

 − 0.02

 − 0.06

0.02

0.37

 − 0.02

 − 0.05

0.01

0.24

Overall QOL (mean, SD)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

 < 0.01

 − 0.02

0.02

0.69

0.01

 − 0.01

0.04

0.31

 − 0.01

 − 0.03

0.02

0.71

OHQOL (mean, SD)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

0.01

 − 0.04

0.05

0.77

 − 0.02

 − 0.09

0.05

0.55

0.03

 − 0.02

0.09

0.25

Salivary pH (mean, SD)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

 <  − 0.01

 − 0.01

0.01

0.73

 − 0.01

 − 0.03

0.01

0.29

0.01

 − 0.01

0.02

0.58

Salivary flow (mean, SD)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

 − 0.03

 − 0.09

0.03

0.38

 − 0.02

 − 0.11

0.06

0.57

 − 0.01

 − 0.10

0.09

0.90

DMFT/dmft (total teeth) (mean, SD)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

0.04

 − 0.03

0.11

0.27

0.08

 − 0.02

0.17

0.12

0.01

 − 0.09

0.11

0.84

DMFT (permanent teeth) (mean, SD)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

0.05

 − 0.02

0.12

0.14

0.07

 − 0.03

0.18

0.16

0.02

 − 0.08

0.11

0.75

dmft (deciduous teeth) (mean, SD)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

 − 0.03

 − 0.17

0.12

0.70

0.06

 − 1.80

1.92

0.95

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Debris index (mean, SD)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

0.01

 − 0.03

0.05

0.63

0.05

0.00

0.10

0.07

 − 0.02

 − 0.08

0.04

0.52

Visited a dentist for pain or trouble with teeth (n, %)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

0.48

0.21

1.12

0.09

0.62

0.20

1.93

0.40

0.24

0.06

1.01

0.05

Brush three times and more per day (n, %)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

2.06

1.03

4.12

0.03*

1.19

0.43

3.33

0.74

3.72

1.40

9.93

0.01*

Brush for three minutes or more (n, %)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

2.69

1.37

5.31

 < 0.01*

1.88

0.74

4.79

0.18

4.53

1.56

13.20

0.01*

Caregiver never care child’s toothbrushing (n, %)

 Baseline

            

 Endline

0.51

0.13

1.93

0.32

0.53

0.10

2.76

0.44

0.29

0.02

5.31

0.40

  1. Adjusting with intervention (intervention or control), time (baseline or endline), and interaction of intervention and time, age, sex
  2. OHQOL oral health-related quality of life, DMFT decayed, missing filled permanent teeth, dmft decayed, missing filled deciduous teeth
  3. *p-value significant at < 0.05