Fig. 2
From: Cross-talks between gut microbiota and tobacco smoking: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
The summary of the key findings in the univariable MR study. Combining with existing evidence, we consistently found the causal effect of smoking on a Intestinimonas, b Catenibacterium, c Ruminococcaceae, and provided novel insights regarding d the reward loop of smoking heaviness, e the influence of parental smoking on childhood smoking. Black solid arrows indicate known evidence, red solid arrows indicate what we found in this study, and red dashed arrow indicates potentially deducible conclusion