Characteristic | NC diet (n = 74) | LC diet (n = 76) | CR diet (n = 72) | LC + CR diet (n = 76) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Female, no. (%) | 48 (64.9) | 53 (69.7) | 52 (72.2) | 52 (68.4) |
Age, years | 35.1 (8.2) | 34.2 (7.8) | 33.6 (6.4) | 33.2 (7.0) |
High school education, no. (%) | 26 (35.1) | 24 (31.6) | 28 (38.9) | 30 (39.5) |
Current cigarette smoking, no. (%) | 8 (10.8) | 6 (7.9) | 8 (11.1) | 7 (9.2) |
Current alcohol drinking, no. (%) | 13 (17.6) | 15 (19.7) | 10 (13.9) | 11 (14.5) |
Total energy intake, kcal/day | 1841.7 (436.4) | 1792.9 (521.6) | 1720.0 (449.4) | 1783.3 (552.0) |
Carbohydrate intake, % | 50.3 (6.5) | 48.1 (5.0) | 50.6 (6.2) | 51.7 (10.3) |
Protein intake, % | 21.3 (4.5) | 21.6 (2.9) | 18.2 (3.4) | 18.2 (4.6) |
Fat intake, % | 28.3 (2.3) | 30.3 (6.7) | 30.4 (3.6) | 31.0 (4.7) |
Weight, kg | 79.6 (14.0) | 80.2 (14.1) | 80.1 (13.1) | 83.6 (18.9) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.9 (3.9) | 30.2 (3.8) | 30.3 (3.4) | 31.0 (4.7) |
Waist circumference, cm | 94.2 (10.3) | 93.9 (10.0) | 95.0 (9.3) | 95.6 (13.7) |
WHR | 0.89 (0.06) | 0.89 (0.05) | 0.90 (0.06) | 0.89 (0.07) |
Heart rate, beats/min | 77.0 (8.0) | 78.7 (8.8) | 76.8 (11.2) | 76.8 (8.6) |
Blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
Systolic | 118.4 (12.5) | 114.9 (10.8) | 115.0 (10.8) | 115.5 (12.2) |
Diastolic | 75 (16.6) | 76.7 (9.2) | 79.54 (7.9) | 77.9 (7.5) |
Plasma glucose, mg/dL | 94.3 (9.3) | 92.0 (9.8) | 93.9 (9.1) | 93.8 (8.3) |
HOMA-IR | 3.6 (2.4) | 3.5 (2.6) | 3.2 (3.8) | 3.7 (2.4) |
Serum triglycerides, mg/dL | 148.8 (83.1) | 135.2 (82.5) | 130.5 (94.0) | 159.8 (123.3) |
Serum total cholesterol, mg/dL | 196.2 (36.3) | 190.6 (38.4) | 198.3 (38.2) | 192.3 (36.8) |
HDL, mg/dL | 47.2 (11.3) | 48.4 (13.2) | 48.2 (9.6) | 45.5 (9.8) |
LDL, mg/dL | 120.3 (31.4) | 115.0 (33.5) | 123.5 (31.6) | 115.9 (26.8) |
ALT, IU/L | 27.5 (22.9) | 25.2 (16.2) | 27.5 (18.7) | 29.1 (21.2) |
AST, IU/L | 21.7 (10.2) | 20.1 (7.8) | 20.7 (8.6) | 20.9 (8.4) |
Uric acid, mg/dl | 6.7 (1.5) | 6.5 (1.6) | 6.7 (1.6) | 6.8 (1.9) |
Body fat, % | 34.4 (4.5) | 34.6 (5.1) | 35.4 (4.3) | 34.8 (4.1) |
Visceral fat area, cm2 | 111.5 (40.3) | 104.7 (34.5) | 10.7 (31.9) | 103.9 (45.3) |
Body muscle rate, % | 59.6 (8.2) | 60.7 (8.2) | 58.3 (11.5) | 61.4 (7.2) |