Outcome | Between-group differences from baseline to week 12 | P value of group differences | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LC diet vs NC diet | CR diet vs NC diet | LC + CR diet vs NC diet | |||||
Changes (95% CIs) | P value | Changes (95% CIs) | P value | Changes (95% CIs) | P value | ||
Plasma glucose, mg/dL | |||||||
Week 4 | − 0.7 (− 3.4 to 2.1) | 0.635 | − 2.0 (− 4.8 to 0.9) | 0.172 | − 3.7 (− 6.5 to − 0.9) | 0.01 | 0.049 |
Week 8 | − 0.5 (− 3.2 to 2.2) | 0.732 | − 1.4 (− 4.1 to 1.4) | 0.327 | − 3.0 (− 5.7 to − 0.3) | 0.028 | 0.128 |
Week 12 | − 0.7 (− 3.8 to 2.5) | 0.679 | − 2.5 (− 5.8 to 0.7) | 0.119 | − 0.6 (− 3.8 to 2.5) | 0.702 | 0.436 |
HOMA-IR | |||||||
Week 4 | − 0.9 (− 1.8 to − 0.1) | 0.03 | − 0.4 (− 1.3 to 0.4) | 0.321 | − 1.3 (− 2.1 to − 0.4) | 0.003 | 0.016 |
Week 8 | − 0.5 (− 1.4 to 0.3) | 0.219 | 0.4 (− 0.5 to 1.3) | 0.354 | − 0.8 (− 1.7 to 0.1) | 0.065 | 0.028 |
Week 12 | − 0.4 (− 1.3 to 0.4) | 0.277 | 0.2 (− 0.6 to 1.0) | 0.587 | − 0.6 (− 1.4 to 0.2) | 0.174 | 0.187 |
Serum triglycerides, mg/dL | |||||||
Week 4 | 10.3 (− 20.8 to 41.5) | 0.515 | 19.8 (− 11.8 to 51.4) | 0.219 | − 39.4 (− 70.5 to − 8.2) | 0.013 | 0.001 |
Week 8 | − 8.1 (− 32.6 to 16.5) | 0.519 | − 1.2 (− 26.1 to 23.7) | 0.923 | − 44.6 (− 69.2 to − 20.1) | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
Week 12 | − 21.9 (− 54.6 to 10.9) | 0.19 | 6.4 (− 39.6 to 26.8) | 0.704 | − 56.3 (− 89.0 to − 23.5) | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
Serum total cholesterol, mg/dL | |||||||
Week 4 | − 3.6 (− 12.1 to 4.9) | 0.406 | − 1.1 (− 9.7 to 7.4) | 0.794 | − 3.8 (− 12.3 to 4.6) | 0.375 | 0.77 |
Week 8 | − 5.3 (− 63.3 to 52.8) | 0.858 | 49.7 (− 9.2 to 108.5) | 0.098 | 12.0 (− 46.0 to 70.1) | 0.684 | 0.25 |
Week 12 | 10.2 (1.1 to 19.4) | 0.029 | − 0.4 (− 9.7 to 8.9) | 0.937 | − 0.3 (− 9.5 to 8.9) | 0.948 | 0.056 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | |||||||
Week 4 | − 0.9 (− 3.6 to 1.7) | 0.49 | − 0.9 (− 3.6 to 1.8) | 0.524 | 0.5 (− 2.2 to 3.1) | 0.731 | 0.674 |
Week 8 | 0.2 (− 2.6 to 3.0) | 0.891 | 0.1 (− 2.8 to 2.9) | 0.969 | 1.1 (− 1.7 to 4.0) | 0.426 | 0.839 |
Week 12 | 3.4 (0.0 to 6.8) | 0.048 | 1.6 (− 1.9 to 5.0) | 0.373 | 2.3 (− 1.1 to 5.7) | 0.185 | 0.249 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | |||||||
Week 4 | − 5.5 (− 12.6 to 1.5) | 0.124 | − 6.6 (− 13.7 to 0.6) | 0.073 | − 1.4 (− 8.5 to 5.6) | 0.693 | 0.207 |
Week 8 | − 1.1 (− 8.6 to 6.5) | 0.779 | − 5.1 (− 12.8 to 2.5) | 0.186 | 2.1 (− 5.4 to 9.7) | 0.58 | 0.294 |
Week 12 | 5.4 (− 2 to 12.9) | 0.151 | − 5.3 (− 12.9 to 2.2) | 0.165 | − 0.3 (− 7.7 to − 7.2) | 0.943 | 0.047 |
ALT, IU/L | |||||||
Week 4 | − 3.8 (− 7.8 to 0.1) | 0.055 | 0.1 (− 3.9 to 4.1) | 0.952 | − 2.3 (− 6.2 to 1.7) | 0.257 | 0.142 |
Week 8 | − 5.0 (− 9.2 to − 0.7) | 0.022 | − 3.2 (− 7.4 to 1.1) | 0.149 | − 7.1 (− 11.3 to − 2.8) | 0.001 | 0.01 |
Week 12 | − 6.5 (− 11.6 to − 1.4) | 0.013 | − 2.2 (− 7.4 to 3.0) | 0.408 | − 7.0 (− 12.1 to − 1.9) | 0.007 | 0.018 |
AST, IU/L | |||||||
Week 4 | − 1.1 (− 3.7 to 1.5) | 0.394 | − 0.3 (− 2.9 to 2.4) | 0.851 | 0.3 (− 2.3 to 2.8) | 0.847 | 0.74 |
Week 8 | − 0.2 (− 2.8 to 2.4) | 0.885 | − 0.2 (− 2.9 to 2.5) | 0.897 | − 0.4 (− 3.1 to − 2.2) | 0.743 | 0.991 |
Week 12 | − 3.7 (− 6.7 to − 0.7) | 0.017 | − 1.2 (− 4.2 to 1.9) | 0.453 | − 2.7 (− 5.7 to 0.3) | 0.081 | 0.083 |
Uric acid, mg/dL | |||||||
Week 4 | − 0.3 (− 0.7 to 0.1) | 0.116 | − 0.3 (− 0.7 to 0.1) | 0.199 | − 0.4 (− 0.8 to 0) | 0.076 | 0.821 |
Week 8 | − 0.8 (− 1.2 to − 0.4) | < 0.001 | − 0.5 (− 0.9 to − 0.1) | 0.02 | − 0.6 (− 1.0 to − 0.2) | 0.004 | 0.005 |
Week 12 | − 0.8 (− 1.2 to − 0.4) | < 0.001 | − 0.6 (− 1.0 to − 0.2) | 0.003 | − 0.8 (− 1.2 to − 0.4) | < .001 | 0.002 |
Visceral fat area, cm2 | |||||||
Week 4 | − 5.1 (− 8.6 to 1.6) | 0.005 | − 3.9 (− 7.5 to 0.4) | 0.031 | − 8.5 (− 12.0 to 5.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Week 8 | − 12.6 (− 16.3 to − 8.8) | < 0.001 | − 7.4 (− 11.2 to − 3.6) | < 0.001 | − 17.8 (− 21.5 to − 14.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Week 12 | − 14.8 (− 19.3 to − 10.3) | < 0.001 | − 8.4 (− 13.0 to − 3.8) | < 0.001 | − 21.7 (− 26.2 to − 17.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Body muscle rate, % | |||||||
Week 4 | 1.6 (− 1.0 to 4.3) | 0.223 | − 1.5 (− 4.3 to 1.1) | 0.249 | 1.9 (− 0 8 to 4.5) | 0.165 | 0.040 |
Week 8 | 1.6 (− 1.7 to 4.8) | 0.335 | − 1.3 (− 4.6 to 2.0) | 0.437 | 3.5 (0.3 to 6.8) | 0.032 | 0.023 |
Week 12 | 3.8 (1.8 to 5.7) | < 0.001 | 0.7 (− 1.3 to 2.80) | 0.475 | 3.3 (1.3 to 5.2) | 0.001 | < 0.001 |