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  1. Vaccination against influenza is recommended in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, so far, no systematic review has summarized the available evidence on the effectiveness and safety of infl...

    Authors: Cornelius Remschmidt, Ole Wichmann and Thomas Harder
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:244
  2. Although the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control prioritizes monitoring of tobacco use by population-based surveys, information about the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use in sub-Saharan Africa is lim...

    Authors: Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Pranil Mansingh Pradhan and Shwe Sin
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:243
  3. Although a number of risk factors are known to predict mortality within the first years after myocardial infarction, little is known about interactions between risk factors, whereas these could contribute to a...

    Authors: Hanna M van Loo, Edwin R van den Heuvel, Robert A Schoevers, Matteo Anselmino, Robert M Carney, Johan Denollet, Frank Doyle, Kenneth E Freedland, Sherry L Grace, Seyed H Hosseini, Kapil Parakh, Louise Pilote, Chiara Rafanelli, Annelieke M Roest, Hiroshi Sato, Richard P Steeds…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:242
  4. The increasing number of babies conceived by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) shifts concern from pregnancy outcomes to long-time health of offspring. Maternal high estradiol (E2) is a major ch...

    Authors: Ping-Ping Lv, Ye Meng, Min Lv, Chun Feng, Ye Liu, Jing-Yi Li, Dan-Qin Yu, Yan Shen, Xiao-Lin Hu, Qian Gao, Shan Dong, Xian-Hua Lin, Gu-Feng Xu, Shen Tian, Dan Zhang, Fang-Hong Zhang…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:240
  5. Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder. Multiple organizations have published guidance documents to assist clinicians in managing hyponatremia. We aimed to explore the scope, content, and consistency of...

    Authors: Evi V Nagler, Jill Vanmassenhove, Sabine N van der Veer, Ionut Nistor, Wim Van Biesen, Angela C Webster and Raymond Vanholder
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:231
  6. Multimorbidity is a health issue mostly dealt with in primary care practice. As a result of their generalist and patient-centered approach, long-lasting relationships with patients, and responsibility for cont...

    Authors: Christiane Muth, Marjan van den Akker, Jeanet W Blom, Christian D Mallen, Justine Rochon, François G Schellevis, Annette Becker, Martin Beyer, Jochen Gensichen, Hanna Kirchner, Rafael Perera, Alexandra Prados-Torres, Martin Scherer, Ulrich Thiem, Hendrik van den Bussche and Paul P Glasziou
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:223
  7. We herein evaluate the Spanish population’s trends in health burden by comparing results of two Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Studies (the GBD studies) performed 20 years apart.

    Authors: Josep Maria Haro, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Noe Garin, Cesar Diaz-Torne, Loreto Carmona, Lidia Sanchez-Riera, Fernando Perez-Ruiz and Christopher JL Murray
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:236
  8. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the tenth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. While it is usually lethal when metastatic, RCC is successfully treated with surgery when tumors are confined to the...

    Authors: Brittany N Lasseigne, Todd C Burwell, Mohini A Patil, Devin M Absher, James D Brooks and Richard M Myers
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:235
  9. miRNA profiles are promising biomarker candidates for a manifold of human pathologies, opening new avenues for diagnosis and prognosis. Beyond studies that describe miRNAs frequently as markers for specific tr...

    Authors: Andreas Keller, Petra Leidinger, Britta Vogel, Christina Backes, Abdou ElSharawy, Valentina Galata, Sabine C Mueller, Sabine Marquart, Michael G Schrauder, Reiner Strick, Andrea Bauer, Jörg Wischhusen, Markus Beier, Jochen Kohlhaas, Hugo A Katus, Jörg Hoheisel…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:224
  10. Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD), a non Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis of orphan nature and propensity for multi-systemic presentations, comprises an intricate medical challenge in terms of diagnosis, treatment a...

    Authors: Roei D Mazor, Mirra Manevich-Mazor, Anat Kesler, Orna Aizenstein, Iris Eshed, Ronald Jaffe, Yakov Pessach, Ilan Goldberg, Eli Sprecher, Iris Yaish, Alexander Gural, Chezi Ganzel and Yehuda Shoenfeld
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:221
  11. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) or ‘wheat sensitivity’ (NCWS) is included in the spectrum of gluten-related disorders. No data are available on the prevalence of low bone mass density (BMD) in NCWS. Our s...

    Authors: Antonio Carroccio, Maurizio Soresi, Alberto D’Alcamo, Carmelo Sciumè, Giuseppe Iacono, Girolamo Geraci, Ignazio Brusca, Aurelio Seidita, Floriana Adragna, Miriam Carta and Pasquale Mansueto
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:230
  12. Stillbirth rates have changed little over the last decade, and a high proportion of cases are unexplained. This meta-analysis examined whether there are inequalities in stillbirth risks according to sex.

    Authors: Debapriya Mondal, Tamara S Galloway, Trevor C Bailey and Fiona Mathews
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:220
  13. Potential cardiovascular (CV) risks of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) are currently a topic of intense interest. However, no studies have addressed CV risk as a function of the route of administration ...

    Authors: Stephen E Borst, Jonathan J Shuster, Baiming Zou, Fan Ye, Huanguang Jia, Anita Wokhlu and Joshua F Yarrow
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:211
  14. Iron-deficient erythropoiesis results in excess formation of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), which can be measured instantly and at low assay cost using portable haematofluorometers. ZPP is used as a screening mark...

    Authors: Martin N Mwangi, Sumi Maskey, Pauline EA Andang’o, Noel K Shinali, Johanna M Roth, Laura Trijsburg, Alice M Mwangi, Han Zuilhof, Barend van Lagen, Huub FJ Savelkoul, Ayşe Y Demir and Hans Verhoef
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:229
  15. The relation between consumption of different types of dairy and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between total dairy and individual types of dai...

    Authors: Mu Chen, Qi Sun, Edward Giovannucci, Dariush Mozaffarian, JoAnn E Manson, Walter C Willett and Frank B Hu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:215
  16. Population-based epidemiological research has established that refugees in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are at increased risk for a range of mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) problems. Im...

    Authors: Jeremy C Kane, Peter Ventevogel, Paul Spiegel, Judith K Bass, Mark van Ommeren and Wietse A Tol
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:228
  17. To date, no therapeutic option has been established for sudden deafness refractory to systemic corticosteroids. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of topical insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-...

    Authors: Takayuki Nakagawa, Kozo Kumakawa, Shin-ichi Usami, Naohito Hato, Keiji Tabuchi, Mariko Takahashi, Keizo Fujiwara, Akira Sasaki, Shizuo Komune, Tatsunori Sakamoto, Harukazu Hiraumi, Norio Yamamoto, Shiro Tanaka, Harue Tada, Michio Yamamoto, Atsushi Yonezawa…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:219
  18. Plasmodium vivax causes almost half of all malaria cases in Asia and is recognised as a significant cause of morbidity. In recent years it has been associated with severe and fatal disease. The extent to which P...

    Authors: Nicholas M Douglas, Gysje J Pontororing, Daniel A Lampah, Tsin W Yeo, Enny Kenangalem, Jeanne Rini Poespoprodjo, Anna P Ralph, Michael J Bangs, Paulus Sugiarto, Nicholas M Anstey and Ric N Price
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:217
  19. The concept of `early life programming' considers the importance of very early environmental exposures throughout the gestational period on the subsequent health outcomes of offspring. The role of maternal die...

    Authors: Adrienne O'Neil, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Helen Skouteris, Rachelle S Opie, Skye McPhie, Briony Hill and Felice N Jacka
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:208
  20. Vascular factors are now established risk factors for cognitive decline, both for dementia and its two main subtypes: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia. Their impact likely goes beyond causing an ...

    Authors: John T O’Brien and Hugh S Markus
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:218
  21. Increasing evidence suggests vascular risk factors (VRF) play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Epidemiological studies have found associations between VRF and risk of AD. Treating VRF in...

    Authors: Raffaella Valenti, Leonardo Pantoni and Hugh S Markus
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:160
  22. Nearly 1 in 5 people living with HIV in the United States are unaware they are infected. Therefore, it is important to develop and evaluate health communication messages that clinicians can use to encourage HI...

    Authors: Monica L Kasting, Anthony D Cox, Dena Cox, Kenneth H Fife, Barry P Katz and Gregory D Zimet
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:204
  23. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have been widely used in a variety of malignancies. Severe infections (≥grade 3) are potentially life-threatening adverse events with ...

    Authors: Wei-Xiang Qi, Shen Fu, Qing Zhang and Xiao-Mao Guo
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:203
  24. The Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Protein (FTO) gene rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes mellitus in...

    Authors: Daniel Pineda-Tenor, Juan Berenguer, María A Jiménez-Sousa, Mónica García-Alvarez, Teresa Aldámiz-Echevarria, Ana Carrero, Sonia Vázquez-Morón, Pilar García-Broncano, Cristina Diez, Francisco Tejerina, María Guzmán-Fulgencio and Salvador Resino
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:198
  25. Breathlessness is common in advanced cancer. The Breathlessness Intervention Service (BIS) is a multi-disciplinary complex intervention theoretically underpinned by a palliative care approach, utilising eviden...

    Authors: Morag C Farquhar, A Toby Prevost, Paul McCrone, Barbara Brafman-Price, Allison Bentley, Irene J Higginson, Chris Todd and Sara Booth
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:194
  26. Evidence suggests that amongst people with dementia there is a high prevalence of comorbid medical conditions and related complaints. The presence of dementia may complicate clinical care for other conditions ...

    Authors: Frances Bunn, Anne-Marie Burn, Claire Goodman, Greta Rait, Sam Norton, Louise Robinson, Johan Schoeman and Carol Brayne
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:192
  27. Current approaches are unlikely to achieve the aggressive global tuberculosis (TB) control targets set for 2035 and beyond. Active case finding (ACF) may be an important tool for augmenting existing strategies...

    Authors: Andrew S Azman, Jonathan E Golub and David W Dowdy
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:216
  28. The expectation that the primary function of systematic reviews in medical education is to guide the development of professional practice requires basic standards to make the reports of these reviews more usef...

    Authors: Rachel H Ellaway
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:193
  29. Children with borderline to mild intellectual disability (BMID) have been shown to be at increased risk for psychosocial problems. The presence of these psychosocial problems leads to parenting stress. Steppin...

    Authors: Marijke Kleefman, Daniëlle EMC Jansen, Roy E Stewart and Sijmen A Reijneveld
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:191
  30. Considered an epicenter of pandemic influenza virus generation, southern China has recently seen an increasing number of human H7N9 infections. However, it is not the only threat. On 30 November 2013, a human ...

    Authors: Wenbao Qi, Shuo Su, Chencheng Xiao, Pei Zhou, Huanan Li, Changwen Ke, Gregory C Gray, Guihong Zhang and Ming Liao
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:205
  31. Authorship guidelines have established criteria to guide author selection based on significance of contribution and helped to define associated responsibilities and accountabilities for the published findings....

    Authors: Ana Maruš.ić, Darko Hren, Bernadette Mansi, Neil Lineberry, Ananya Bhattacharya, Maureen Garrity, Juli Clark, Thomas Gesell, Susan Glasser, John Gonzalez, Carolyn Hustad, Mary-Margaret Lannon, LaVerne A Mooney and Teresa Peña
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:197
  32. China, like other countries, is facing a growing burden of chronic disease but the prevalence of multimorbidity and implications for the healthcare system have been little researched. We examined the epidemiol...

    Authors: Harry HX Wang, Jia Ji Wang, Samuel YS Wong, Martin CS Wong, Fang Jian Li, Pei Xi Wang, Zhi Heng Zhou, Chun Yan Zhu, Sian M Griffiths and Stewart W Mercer
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:188
  33. The forthcoming post-Millennium Development Goals era will bring about new challenges in global health. Low- and middle-income countries will have to contend with a dual burden of infectious and non-communicab...

    Authors: Alan D Lopez, Thomas N Williams, Adeera Levin, Marcello Tonelli, Jasvinder A Singh, Peter GJ Burney, Jürgen Rehm, Nora D Volkow, George Koob and Cleusa P Ferri
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:200
  34. The purpose of this study was to identify whether the distribution of Hounsfield Unit (HU) values across the intracranial area in computed tomography (CT) images can be used as an effective diagnostic tool for...

    Authors: Hakseung Kim, Gwang-dong Kim, Byung C Yoon, Keewon Kim, Byung-Jo Kim, Young Hun Choi, Marek Czosnyka, Byung-Mo Oh and Dong-Joo Kim
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:186