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  1. Ancestral environmental exposures to a variety of environmental factors and toxicants have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset disease. The present work examined t...

    Authors: Michael K Skinner, Mohan Manikkam, Rebecca Tracey, Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna, Muksitul Haque and Eric E Nilsson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:228
  2. Australia was one of the first countries to introduce a publicly funded national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program that commenced in April 2007, using the quadrivalent HPV vaccine targeting 12- to...

    Authors: Dorota M Gertig, Julia ML Brotherton, Alison C Budd, Kelly Drennan, Genevieve Chappell and A Marion Saville
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:227
  3. High-throughput ‘omics’ technologies that generate molecular profiles for biospecimens have been extensively used in preclinical studies to reveal molecular subtypes and elucidate the biological mechanisms of ...

    Authors: Lisa M McShane, Margaret M Cavenagh, Tracy G Lively, David A Eberhard, William L Bigbee, P Mickey Williams, Jill P Mesirov, Mei-Yin C Polley, Kelly Y Kim, James V Tricoli, Jeremy MG Taylor, Deborah J Shuman, Richard M Simon, James H Doroshow and Barbara A Conley
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:220
  4. The Millennium Development Goals have galvanized efforts to improve child survival (MDG-4) and maternal health (MDG-5). There has been important progress on both MDGs at global level, although it now appears t...

    Authors: Jennifer Bryce, Robert E Black and Cesar G Victora
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:225
  5. The most severe HIV epidemics worldwide occur in Lesotho, Botswana and Swaziland. Here we focus on the Lesotho epidemic, which has received little attention. We determined the within-country heterogeneity in t...

    Authors: Brian J Coburn, Justin T Okano and Sally Blower
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:224
  6. Global health is a varied field that comprises research, evaluation and policy that, by its definition, also occurs in disparate locations across the world. This forum article is introduced by our guest editor...

    Authors: Gretchen L Birbeck, Charles S Wiysonge, Edward J Mills, Julio J Frenk, Xiao-Nong Zhou and Prabhat Jha
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:223
  7. Herbal products available to consumers in the marketplace may be contaminated or substituted with alternative plant species and fillers that are not listed on the labels. According to the World Health Organiza...

    Authors: Steven G Newmaster, Meghan Grguric, Dhivya Shanmughanandhan, Sathishkumar Ramalingam and Subramanyam Ragupathy
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:222
  8. The role of the venous system in the pathogenesis of inflammatory neurological/neurodegenerative diseases remains largely unknown and underinvestigated. Aside from cerebral venous infarcts, thromboembolic even...

    Authors: Jonathan S Alexander, Leonard Prouty, Ikuo Tsunoda, Chaitanya Vijay Ganta and Alireza Minagar
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:219
  9. The incidence of cancer increases with advanced age. And as the world populationages, clinicians will be faced with a growing number of older patients withcancer. The challenge that clinicians face involves ca...

    Authors: Maxine de la Cruz and Eduardo Bruera
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:218
  10. The development of cardiovascular dysfunction and shock in patients with invasive Bacillus anthracis infection has a particularly poor prognosis. Growing evidence indicates that several bacterial components likel...

    Authors: Kenneth E Remy, Ping Qiu, Yan Li, Xizhong Cui and Peter Q Eichacker
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:217
  11. A beneficial effect of a high n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) intake has been observed in heart failure patients, who are frequently insulin resistant. We investigated the potential influenc...

    Authors: Elin Strand, Eva R Pedersen, Gard FT Svingen, Hall Schartum-Hansen, Eirik W Rebnord, Bodil Bjørndal, Reinhard Seifert, Pavol Bohov, Klaus Meyer, J Kalervo Hiltunen, Jan E Nordrehaug, Dennis WT Nilsen, Rolf K Berge and Ottar Nygård
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:216
  12. Fetal and neonatal mortality rates in low-income countries are at least 10-fold greater than in high-income countries. These differences have been related to poor access to and poor quality of obstetric and ne...

    Authors: Omrana Pasha, Elizabeth M McClure, Linda L Wright, Sarah Saleem, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Elwyn Chomba, Archana Patel, Fabian Esamai, Ana Garces, Fernando Althabe, Bhala Kodkany, Hillary Mabeya, Albert Manasyan, Waldemar A Carlo, Richard J Derman, Patricia L Hibberd…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:215
  13. On 31 March 2013, the first human infections with the novel influenza A/H7N9 virus were reported in Eastern China. The outbreak expanded rapidly in geographic scope and size, with a total of 132 laboratory-con...

    Authors: Gerardo Chowell, Lone Simonsen, Sherry Towers, Mark A Miller and Cécile Viboud
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:214
  14. There are widespread concerns about communication and support for patients and families, especially when they face clinical uncertainty, a situation most marked in intensive care units (ICUs). Therefore, we ai...

    Authors: Irene J Higginson, Jonathan Koffman, Philip Hopkins, Wendy Prentice, Rachel Burman, Sara Leonard, Caroline Rumble, Jo Noble, Odette Dampier, William Bernal, Sue Hall, Myfanwy Morgan and Cathy Shipman
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:213
  15. Hypnotics are widely used by the elderly, and their impact on mortality remains controversial. The inconsistent findings could be due to methodological limitations, notably the lack of control for underlying s...

    Authors: Isabelle Jaussent, Marie-Laure Ancelin, Claudine Berr, Karine Pérès, Jacqueline Scali, Alain Besset, Karen Ritchie and Yves Dauvilliers
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:212
  16. Hypertension is one of the most important and common cardiovascular risk factors. Defining the level at which blood pressure starts causing end-organ damage is challenging, and is not easily answered. The thre...

    Authors: Pascal Meier, Franz H Messerli, Andreas Baumbach and Alexandra J Lansky
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:211
  17. This study was conducted to assess whether patient-reported outcomes (PROs) differ by the underlying diagnosis (rheumatoid arthritis (RA)/inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA), avascular necrosis of bone...

    Authors: Jasvinder A Singh and David G Lewallen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:210
  18. Perineal trauma during childbirth affects millions of women worldwide every year. The aim of the Perineal Assessment and Repair Longitudinal Study (PEARLS) was to improve maternal clinical outcomes following c...

    Authors: Khaled M K Ismail, Christine Kettle, Sue E Macdonald, Sue Tohill, Peter W Thomas and Debra Bick
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:209
  19. A few observational studies have found an inverse association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and the risk of depression. Randomized trials with an intervention based on this dietary pattern could pr...

    Authors: Almudena Sánchez-Villegas, Miguel Angel Martínez-González, Ramón Estruch, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Dolores Corella, Maria Isabel Covas, Fernando Arós, Dora Romaguera, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, José Lapetra, Xavier Pintó, Jose Alfredo Martínez, Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós, Emilio Ros, Alfredo Gea, Julia Wärnberg…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:208
  20. Hypertension can be prevented by adopting healthy dietary patterns. Our aim was to assess the 4-year effect on blood pressure (BP) control of a randomized feeding trial promoting the traditional Mediterranean ...

    Authors: Estefania Toledo, Frank B Hu, Ramon Estruch, Pilar Buil-Cosiales, Dolores Corella, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, M Isabel Covas, Fernando Arós, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Miquel Fiol, Jose Lapetra, Luis Serra-Majem, Xavier Pinto, Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós, Guillermo Saez, Mònica Bulló…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:207
  21. Cholera mainly affects developing countries where safe water supply and sanitation infrastructure are often rudimentary. Sub-Saharan Africa is a cholera hotspot. Effective cholera control requires not only a p...

    Authors: Christian Schaetti, Neisha Sundaram, Sonja Merten, Said M Ali, Erick O Nyambedha, Bruno Lapika, Claire-Lise Chaignat, Raymond Hutubessy and Mitchell G Weiss
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:206
  22. ‘Encephalomyelitis disseminata’ (multiple sclerosis) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are both classified as diseases of the central nervous system by the World Health Organizati...

    Authors: Gerwyn Morris and Michael Maes
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:205
  23. In this podcast we talk to Prof David Kupfer about the challenges, controversies and future directions of DSM-5 by considering other research frameworks and classification systems of disease, and how this revi...

    Authors: David Kupfer
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:203
  24. The recent release of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by the American Psychiatric Association has led to much debate. For this forum article, we asked BMC Me...

    Authors: Charles B Nemeroff, Daniel Weinberger, Michael Rutter, Harriet L MacMillan, Richard A Bryant, Simon Wessely, Dan J Stein, Carmine M Pariante, Florian Seemüller, Michael Berk, Gin S Malhi, Martin Preisig, Martin Brüne and Paul Lysaker
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:202
  25. We now know that depression is associated with a chronic, low-grade inflammatory response and activation of cell-mediated immunity, as well as activation of the compensatory anti-inflammatory reflex system. It...

    Authors: Michael Berk, Lana J Williams, Felice N Jacka, Adrienne O’Neil, Julie A Pasco, Steven Moylan, Nicholas B Allen, Amanda L Stuart, Amie C Hayley, Michelle L Byrne and Michael Maes
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:200
  26. Rehabilitation interventions, including physiotherapy and occupational therapy, can improve patient outcomes; however, the optimal duration and frequency of inpatient rehabilitation interventions is uncertain....

    Authors: Ann M Parker, Robert K Lord and Dale M Needham
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:199
  27. Many inpatients receive little or no rehabilitation on weekends. Our aim was to determine what effect providing additional Saturday rehabilitation during inpatient rehabilitation had on functional independence...

    Authors: Casey L Peiris, Nora Shields, Natasha K Brusco, Jennifer J Watts and Nicholas F Taylor
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:198

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2013 11:262

  28. Clinical pathologies draw us to envisage disease as either an independent entity or a diverse set of traits governed by common physiopathological mechanisms, prompted by environmental assaults throughout life....

    Authors: John Castiblanco, Mauricio Arcos-Burgos and Juan-Manuel Anaya
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:197
  29. The clustering of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors is known as metabolic syndrome (MetS). The risk of having MetS is strongly associated with increased adiposity and can be further modified by smoking...

    Authors: Sandra N Slagter, Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Judith M Vonk, H Marike Boezen, Robin PF Dullaart, Anneke C Muller Kobold, Edith J Feskens, André P van Beek, Melanie M van derKlauw and Bruce HR Wolffenbuttel
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:195
  30. Clinical decision support systems assist physicians in interpreting complex patient data. However, they typically operate on a per-patient basis and do not exploit the extensive latent medical knowledge in ele...

    Authors: Assaf Gottlieb, Gideon Y Stein, Eytan Ruppin, Russ B Altman and Roded Sharan
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:194
  31. Alcoholic beverages are widely consumed. Depression, the most prevalent mental disorder worldwide, has been related to alcohol intake. We aimed to prospectively assess the association between alcohol intake an...

    Authors: Alfredo Gea, Juan J Beunza, Ramón Estruch, Almudena Sánchez-Villegas, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Pilar Buil-Cosiales, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, María-Isabel Covas, Dolores Corella, Miquel Fiol, Fernando Arós, José Lapetra, Rosa-María Lamuela-Raventós, Julia Wärnberg, Xavier Pintó, Lluis Serra-Majem…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:192
  32. Given the uncertainties regarding thyroid nodule assessment and management, physicians require systematically and transparently developed recommendations. This systematic review assesses the quality and consis...

    Authors: Tsai-Wei Huang, Jun-Hung Lai, Mei-Yi Wu, Shiah-Lian Chen, Chih-Hsiung Wu and Ka-Wai Tam
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:191
  33. In this article, we give an overview of new technologies for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and drug resistance, consider their advantages over existing methodologies, broad issues of cost, cost-effectiven...

    Authors: Francis Drobniewski, Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy, Horst Maxeiner, Yanina Balabanova, Nicola Casali, Irina Kontsevaya and Olga Ignatyeva
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:190
  34. Changing perspectives on the natural history of celiac disease (CD), new serology and genetic tests, and amended histological criteria for diagnosis cast doubt on past prevalence estimates for CD. We set out t...

    Authors: Robert P Anderson, Margaret J Henry, Roberta Taylor, Emma L Duncan, Patrick Danoy, Marylia J Costa, Kathryn Addison, Jason A Tye-Din, Mark A Kotowicz, Ross E Knight, Wendy Pollock, Geoffrey C Nicholson, Ban-Hock Toh, Matthew A Brown and Julie A Pasco
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:188
  35. Magnesium plays an essential role in the synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation substantially reversed the resistance to vitamin D treatment in patients with magnesium-dependent vi...

    Authors: Xinqing Deng, Yiqing Song, JoAnn E Manson, Lisa B Signorello, Shumin M Zhang, Martha J Shrubsole, Reid M Ness, Douglas L Seidner and Qi Dai
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:187
  36. Following US Food and Drugs Administration approval in July 2012 of daily oral tenofovir and emtricitabine for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection in high-risk individuals in the USA, ther...

    Authors: Jean-Michel Molina, Claire Pintado, Caroline Gatey, Diane Ponscarme, Pierre Charbonneau, Benedicte Loze, Willy Rozenbaum and Constance Delaugerre
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:186
  37. Over the last few years, accumulating data have implicated a role for ferritin as a signaling molecule and direct mediator of the immune system. Hyperferritinemia is associated with a multitude of clinical con...

    Authors: Cristina Rosário, Gisele Zandman-Goddard, Esther G Meyron-Holtz, David P D’Cruz and Yehuda Shoenfeld
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:185
  38. RTS,S is the most advanced candidate malaria vaccine but it is only partially protective and the causes of inter-individual variation in efficacy are poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether peripheral...

    Authors: George M Warimwe, Helen A Fletcher, Ally Olotu, Selidji T Agnandji, Adrian VS Hill, Kevin Marsh and Philip Bejon
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:184
  39. Despite its high incidence and devastating outcomes, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has no specific treatment, with effective therapy currently limited to minimizing potentially harmful ventilation...

    Authors: Andrew James Boyle, Rob Mac Sweeney and Daniel Francis McAuley
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:166
  40. Prosultiamine, a vitamin B1 derivative, has long been used for beriberi neuropathy and Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Based on the finding that prosultiamine induces apoptosis in human T lymphotropic virus type I ...

    Authors: Jun-ichi Kira
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:183
  41. Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic myelopathy characterized by motor dysfunction of the lower extremities and urinary disturban...

    Authors: Tatsufumi Nakamura, Tomohiro Matsuo, Taku Fukuda, Shinji Yamato, Kentaro Yamaguchi, Ikuo Kinoshita, Toshio Matsuzaki, Yoshihiro Nishiura, Kunihiko Nagasato, Tomoko Narita-Masuda, Hideki Nakamura, Katsuya Satoh, Hitoshi Sasaki, Hideki Sakai and Atsushi Kawakami
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:182
  42. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are important events that carry significant consequences for patients. Some patients experience frequent exacerbations, and are now recognized as a...

    Authors: Jadwiga A Wedzicha, Simon E Brill, James P Allinson and Gavin C Donaldson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:181
  43. Considerable variety in how patients respond to treatments, driven by differences in their geno- and/ or phenotypes, calls for a more tailored approach. This is already happening, and will accelerate with deve...

    Authors: Brian Godman, Alexander E Finlayson, Parneet K Cheema, Eva Zebedin-Brandl, Inaki Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea, Jan Jones, Rickard E Malmström, Elina Asola, Christoph Baumgärtel, Marion Bennie, Iain Bishop, Anna Bucsics, Stephen Campbell, Eduardo Diogene, Alessandra Ferrario, Jurij Fürst…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:179