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  1. Tuberculosis kills more people than any other infectious disease, and new regimens are essential. The primary endpoint for confirmatory phase III trials for new regimens is a composite outcome that includes ba...

    Authors: Patrick P. J. Phillips, Carl M. Mendel, Andrew J. Nunn, Timothy D. McHugh, Angela M. Crook, Robert Hunt, Anna Bateson and Stephen H. Gillespie
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:207
  2. Provision of routine iron supplements to prevent anaemia could increase the risk for lower genital tract infections as virulence of some pathogens depends on iron availability. This trial in Burkina Faso asses...

    Authors: Loretta Brabin, Stephen A. Roberts, Sabine Gies, Andrew Nelson, Salou Diallo, Christopher J. Stewart, Adama Kazienga, Julia Birtles, Sayouba Ouedraogo, Yves Claeys, Halidou Tinto, Umberto d’Alessandro, E. Brian Faragher and Bernard Brabin
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:206
  3. Telomere attrition is extremely rapid during the first years of life, while lifestyle during adulthood exerts a minor impact. This suggests that early life is an important period in the determination of telome...

    Authors: Esmée M. Bijnens, Maurice P. Zeegers, Catherine Derom, Dries S. Martens, Marij Gielen, Geja J. Hageman, Michelle Plusquin, Evert Thiery, Robert Vlietinck and Tim S. Nawrot
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:205
  4. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have revolutionized chronic hepatitis C (HCV) treatment, but real-world effectiveness among vulnerable populations, including uninsured patients, is lacking. This study was cond...

    Authors: Christina Yek, Carolina de la Flor, John Marshall, Cindy Zoellner, Grace Thompson, Lisa Quirk, Christian Mayorga, Barbara J. Turner, Amit G. Singal and Mamta K. Jain
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:204
  5. Accumulating evidence suggests that individual circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are heterogeneous in their associations with cardio-metabolic diseases, but evidence about associations of SFAs with meta...

    Authors: Ju-Sheng Zheng, Stephen J. Sharp, Fumiaki Imamura, Albert Koulman, Matthias B. Schulze, Zheng Ye, Jules Griffin, Marcela Guevara, José María Huerta, Janine Kröger, Ivonne Sluijs, Antonio Agudo, Aurelio Barricarte, Heiner Boeing, Sandra Colorado-Yohar, Courtney Dow…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:203
  6. The UK is dependent on international doctors, with a greater proportion of non-UK qualified doctors working in its universal health care system than in any other European country, except Ireland and Norway. Th...

    Authors: Aneez Esmail, Maria Panagioti and Evangelos Kontopantelis
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:191
  7. Dietary assessment is complex, and strategies to select the most appropriate dietary assessment tool (DAT) in epidemiological research are needed. The DIETary Assessment Tool NETwork (DIET@NET) aimed to establ...

    Authors: Janet E. Cade, Marisol Warthon-Medina, Salwa Albar, Nisreen A. Alwan, Andrew Ness, Mark Roe, Petra A. Wark, Katharine Greathead, Victoria J. Burley, Paul Finglas, Laura Johnson, Polly Page, Katharine Roberts, Toni Steer, Jozef Hooson, Darren C. Greenwood…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:202
  8. Childhood pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years old. Recent updates to World Health Organization pneumonia guidelines recommend outpatient care for a populatio...

    Authors: Timothy Tuti, Ambrose Agweyu, Paul Mwaniki, Niels Peek and Mike English
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:201

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2017 15:212

  9. While the United States has the largest number of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, less is known regarding adult-onset disease. The present study utilizes nationwide data to compare the incidence of typ...

    Authors: Mary A. M. Rogers, Catherine Kim, Tanima Banerjee and Joyce M. Lee
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:199
  10. Obesity is common in young women, increasing insulin resistance (IR) and worsening pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes (GDM). Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are commonly obese,...

    Authors: Nadira Sultana Kakoly, Arul Earnest, Lisa J. Moran, Helena J. Teede and Anju E. Joham
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:195
  11. All obese pregnant women are considered at equal high risk with respect to complications in pregnancy and birth, and are commonly managed through resource-intensive care pathways. However, the identification o...

    Authors: Matias C. Vieira, Sara L. White, Nashita Patel, Paul T. Seed, Annette L. Briley, Jane Sandall, Paul Welsh, Naveed Sattar, Scott M. Nelson, Debbie A. Lawlor, Lucilla Poston and Dharmintra Pasupathy
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:194
  12. HIV-associated immune defects inhibit tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, promote development of extrapulmonary TB and paucibacillary pulmonary TB cases with atypical radiographic features, and increase TB relapse ra...

    Authors: Jia Fan, Hedong Zhang, Duc T. Nguyen, Christopher J. Lyon, Charles D. Mitchell, Zhen Zhao, Edward A. Graviss and Ye Hu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:188
  13. Docetaxel, pemetrexed, erlotinib, and gefitinib are recommended as second-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with wild-type or unknown status for epidermal growth factor receptor (E...

    Authors: Perrine Créquit, Anna Chaimani, Amélie Yavchitz, Nassima Attiche, Jacques Cadranel, Ludovic Trinquart and Philippe Ravaud
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:193

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2018 16:24

  14. The use of early morning sputum samples (EMS) to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) can result in treatment delay given the need for the patient to return to the clinic with the EMS, increasing the chance of patients ...

    Authors: Michael E. Murphy, Patrick P. J. Phillips, Carl M. Mendel, Emily Bongard, Anna L. C. Bateson, Robert Hunt, Saraswathi Murthy, Kasha P. Singh, Michael Brown, Angela M. Crook, Andrew J. Nunn, Sarah K. Meredith, Marc Lipman, Timothy D. McHugh and Stephen H. Gillespie
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:192
  15. Given our increasingly diverse societies, there is an urgent need for research into the causes of persistent ethnic disparities in undergraduate clinical performance. It is argued that causes for underperforma...

    Authors: Karen M. Stegers-Jager
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:190

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2017 15:179

  16. Asian medical students and doctors receive lower scores on average than their white counterparts in examinations in the UK and internationally (a phenomenon known as “differential attainment”). This could be d...

    Authors: Peter Yeates, Katherine Woolf, Emyr Benbow, Ben Davies, Mairhead Boohan and Kevin Eva
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:179

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2017 15:190

  17. This study has attempted to assess the effectiveness of quantitative faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) for triage of people presenting with lower abdominal symptoms, where a referral to secondary care for inve...

    Authors: Marie Westwood, Shona Lang, Nigel Armstrong, Sietze van Turenhout, Joaquín Cubiella, Lisa Stirk, Isaac Corro Ramos, Marianne Luyendijk, Remziye Zaim, Jos Kleijnen and Callum G. Fraser
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:189
  18. Jox and colleagues recently compared and contrasted two leading end-of-life exit options, namely voluntarily stopping eating and drinking (VSED) and medical aid in dying (MAID). The authors argue that policyma...

    Authors: Thaddeus Mason Pope
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:187

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2017 15:186

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2017 15:186

  19. Physician-assisted dying has been the subject of extensive discussion and legislative activity both in Europe and North America. In this context, dying by voluntary stopping of eating and drinking (VSED) is of...

    Authors: Ralf J. Jox, Isra Black, Gian Domenico Borasio and Johanna Anneser
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:186

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2017 15:187

  20. Scale-up of malaria interventions over the last decade have yielded a significant reduction in malaria transmission and disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa. We estimated economic gradients in the distribution...

    Authors: Katya Galactionova, Thomas A. Smith, Don de Savigny and Melissa A. Penny
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:185
  21. One-third of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients show no response to infliximab (IFX) induction therapy, and approximately half of patients responding become unresponsive over time. Thus, identification ...

    Authors: Jacob Tveiten Bjerrum, Casper Steenholdt, Mark Ainsworth, Ole Haagen Nielsen, Michelle AC Reed, Karen Atkins, Ulrich Leonhard Günther, Fuhua Hao and Yulan Wang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:184
  22. Expression of group A and the A-like subset of group B Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is associated with severe malaria (SM). The diversity of var sequences combined with the challe...

    Authors: Estela Shabani, Benjamin Hanisch, Robert O. Opoka, Thomas Lavstsen and Chandy C. John
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:183
  23. Pakistan is one of only three countries where poliovirus circulation remains endemic. For the Pakistan Polio Eradication Program, identifying high risk districts is essential to target interventions and alloca...

    Authors: Laina D. Mercer, Rana M. Safdar, Jamal Ahmed, Abdirahman Mahamud, M. Muzaffar Khan, Sue Gerber, Aiden O’Leary, Mike Ryan, Frank Salet, Steve J. Kroiss, Hil Lyons, Alexander Upfill-Brown and Guillaume Chabot-Couture
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:180

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2017 15:221

  24. The clinical development of a single encounter treatment for uncomplicated malaria has the potential to significantly improve the effectiveness of antimalarials. Exploratory data suggested that the combination...

    Authors: Fiona Macintyre, Yeka Adoke, Alfred B. Tiono, Tran Thanh Duong, Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma, Marielle Bouyou-Akotet, Halidou Tinto, Quique Bassat, Saadou Issifou, Marc Adamy, Helen Demarest, Stephan Duparc, Didier Leroy, Bart E. Laurijssens, Sophie Biguenet, Afizi Kibuuka…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:181
  25. Evidence on immunization costs is a critical input for cost-effectiveness analysis and budgeting, and can describe variation in site-level efficiency. The Expanded Program on Immunization Costing and Financing...

    Authors: Nicolas A. Menzies, Christian Suharlim, Fangli Geng, Zachary J. Ward, Logan Brenzel and Stephen C. Resch
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:178
  26. Wild type 2 poliovirus was last observed in 1999. The Sabin-strain oral polio vaccine type 2 (OPV2) was critical to eradication, but it is known to revert to a neurovirulent phenotype, causing vaccine-associat...

    Authors: Kevin A. McCarthy, Guillaume Chabot-Couture, Michael Famulare, Hil M. Lyons and Laina D. Mercer
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:175

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2017 15:221

  27. Hazardous and harmful alcohol use and high blood pressure are central risk factors related to premature non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality worldwide. A reduction in the prevalence of both risk factors ha...

    Authors: Jürgen Rehm, Peter Anderson, Jose Angel Arbesu Prieto, Iain Armstrong, Henri-Jean Aubin, Michael Bachmann, Nuria Bastida Bastus, Carlos Brotons, Robyn Burton, Manuel Cardoso, Joan Colom, Daniel Duprez, Gerrit Gmel, Antoni Gual, Ludwig Kraus, Reinhold Kreutz…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:173
  28. There are growing demands for predicting the prospects of achieving the global elimination of neglected tropical diseases as a result of the institution of large-scale nation-wide intervention programs by the ...

    Authors: Edwin Michael, Brajendra K. Singh, Benjamin K. Mayala, Morgan E. Smith, Scott Hampton and Jaroslaw Nabrzyski
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:176
  29. Uncertainty about factors influencing the susceptibility and triggers for Graves’ disease persists, along with a wide variation in the response to anti-thyroid drugs, currently at approximately 50% of non-resp...

    Authors: Tristan Struja, Alexander Kutz, Stefan Fischli, Christian Meier, Beat Mueller, Mike Recher and Philipp Schuetz
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:174
  30. Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the most lethal human cancers. In patients with resectable tumors, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is the only curative treatment. However, the 5-year survival is 20%. ...

    Authors: David J. Birnbaum, Pascal Finetti, Alexia Lopresti, Marine Gilabert, Flora Poizat, Jean-Luc Raoul, Jean-Robert Delpero, Vincent Moutardier, Daniel Birnbaum, Emilie Mamessier and François Bertucci
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:170
  31. A subanalysis of a randomized clinical trial indicated sepsis survival benefit from interleukin (IL)-1 blockade in patients with features of the macrophage activation-like syndrome (MALS). This study aimed to ...

    Authors: Evdoxia Kyriazopoulou, Konstantinos Leventogiannis, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Georgios Dimopoulos, Aikaterini Pantazi, Stylianos E. Orfanos, Nikoletta Rovina, Iraklis Tsangaris, Theologia Gkavogianni, Elektra Botsa, Eleftheria Chassiou, Anastasia Kotanidou, Christina Kontouli, Panagiotis Chaloulis, Dimitrios Velissaris, Athina Savva…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:172
  32. Environmental factors, including infectious agents, are speculated to play a role in the rising prevalence and the geographic distribution of celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder. In the USA and Sweden where...

    Authors: Armin Alaedini, Benjamin Lebwohl, Gary P. Wormser, Peter H. Green and Jonas F. Ludvigsson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:169
  33. A highly efficacious vaccine is needed for malaria control and eradication. Immunization with Plasmodium falciparum NF54 parasites under chemoprophylaxis (chemoprophylaxis and sporozoite (CPS)-immunization) induc...

    Authors: Jona Walk, Isaie J. Reuling, Marije C. Behet, Lisette Meerstein-Kessel, Wouter Graumans, Geert-Jan van Gemert, Rianne Siebelink-Stoter, Marga van de Vegte-Bolmer, Thorsten Janssen, Karina Teelen, Johannes H. W. de Wilt, Quirijn de Mast, André J. van der Ven, Ernest Diez Benavente, Susana Campino, Taane G. Clark…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:168
  34. Scientific editors are responsible for deciding which articles to publish in their journals. However, we have not found documentation of their required knowledge, skills, and characteristics, or the existence ...

    Authors: David Moher, James Galipeau, Sabina Alam, Virginia Barbour, Kidist Bartolomeos, Patricia Baskin, Sally Bell-Syer, Kelly D. Cobey, Leighton Chan, Jocalyn Clark, Jonathan Deeks, Annette Flanagin, Paul Garner, Anne-Marie Glenny, Trish Groves, Kurinchi Gurusamy…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:167
  35. As part of the national seasonal influenza vaccination programme in England and Wales, children receive a quadrivalent vaccine offering protection against two influenza A strains and two influenza B strains. H...

    Authors: Dominic Thorrington, Edwin van Leeuwen, Mary Ramsay, Richard Pebody and Marc Baguelin
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:166
  36. Radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is associated with a substantial morbidity and inconsistent efficacy. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive status is recognized as a marker of inc...

    Authors: Jean-Philippe Foy, Louis Bazire, Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran, Sophie Deneuve, Janice Kielbassa, Emilie Thomas, Alain Viari, Alain Puisieux, Patrick Goudot, Chloé Bertolus, Nicolas Foray, Youlia Kirova, Pierre Verrelle and Pierre Saintigny
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:165
  37. While being small-for-gestational-age due to placental insufficiency is a major risk factor for stillbirth, 50% of stillbirths occur in appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA, > 10th centile) fetuses. AGA fetuse...

    Authors: Teresa M. MacDonald, Lisa Hui, Stephen Tong, Alice J. Robinson, Kirsten M. Dane, Anna L. Middleton and Susan P. Walker
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:164
  38. There is an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in young urban South-Asians. We tested the effect of a pragmatic trimonthly lifestyle modification (LSM) programme (P-LSM) versus a less-inte...

    Authors: Mahen Wijesuriya, Nikolaos Fountoulakis, Nicola Guess, Sarath Banneheka, Laksha Vasantharajah, Martin Gulliford, Giancarlo Viberti, Luigi Gnudi and Janaka Karalliedde
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:146

    The Correspondence to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2019 17:162

    The Correspondence to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2019 17:121

  39. In lung cancer screening, a nodule management protocol describes nodule assessment and thresholds for nodule size and growth rate to identify patients who require immediate diagnostic evaluation or additional ...

    Authors: Marina Treskova, Ines Aumann, Heiko Golpon, Jens Vogel-Claussen, Tobias Welte and Alexander Kuhlmann
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:162
  40. Multimorbidity is a major challenge to health systems globally and disproportionately affects socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. We examined socioeconomic inequalities in developing multimorbidity ac...

    Authors: Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Kathryn Skivington, Alastair H. Leyland, Kate Hunt and Stewart W Mercer
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:152
  41. Hypertension carries a large societal burden. Obesity is known as a risk factor for hypertension. However, little is known as to whether weight loss interventions reduce the risk of hypertension-related advers...

    Authors: Yuichi J. Shimada, Yusuke Tsugawa, Hiroyasu Iso, David F. M. Brown and Kohei Hasegawa
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:161
  42. Herein, we summarise the results of the most relevant studies presented at the 2017 ASCO Annual Meeting in the field of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) and gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). Innovations on ...

    Authors: Anna Maria Frezza, Silvia Stacchiotti and Alessandro Gronchi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:160
  43. Conflicting results regarding the impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) may cause confusion regarding the benefits of receiving the current season’s vaccine.

    Authors: Lauren C. Ramsay, Sarah A. Buchan, Robert G. Stirling, Benjamin J. Cowling, Shuo Feng, Jeffrey C. Kwong and Bryna F. Warshawsky
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:159

    The Retraction Note to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2018 16:133

  44. Acute gout arthritis flares contribute dominantly to gout-specific impaired health-related quality of life, representing a progressively increasing public health problem. Flares can be complex and expensive to...

    Authors: Robert Terkeltaub
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:158
  45. Advances in deep sequencing technology have led to developments in personalized medicine. Here, we describe the implications of a recent investigation that sequenced ctDNA from the plasma of non-small cell lun...

    Authors: Clare Fiala and Eleftherios P. Diamandis
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2017 15:157