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  1. The predictive validity of postgraduate examinations, such as MRCGP and MRCP(UK) in the UK, is hard to assess, particularly for clinically relevant outcomes. The sanctions imposed on doctors by the UK’s Genera...

    Authors: Richard Wakeford, Kasia Ludka, Katherine Woolf and I. C. McManus
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:230
  2. The newly registered adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine (HZ/su) has a higher efficacy than the available live-attenuated vaccine (ZVL). National decision-makers soon need to decide whether to introduce H...

    Authors: Pieter T. de Boer, Alies van Lier, Hester de Melker, Albert J. M. van Wijck, Jan C. Wilschut, Albert Jan van Hoek and Maarten J. Postma
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:228

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2018 16:238

  3. Emerging evidence suggests intensity of perinatal care influences survival for extremely preterm babies. We evaluated the effect of differences in perinatal care intensity between centres on sensorimotor morbi...

    Authors: Andrei S. Morgan, Laurence Foix L’Helias, Caroline Diguisto, Laetitia Marchand-Martin, Monique Kaminski, Babak Khoshnood, Jennifer Zeitlin, Gérard Bréart, Xavier Durrmeyer, François Goffinet and Pierre-Yves Ancel
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:227
  4. Malaria transmission is highly heterogeneous through time and space, and mapping of this heterogeneity is necessary to better understand local dynamics. New targeted policies are needed as numerous countries h...

    Authors: Jordi Landier, Stanislas Rebaudet, Renaud Piarroux and Jean Gaudart
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:226

    The original article was published in Malaria Journal 2018 17:340

  5. Health-related apps have great potential to enhance health and prevent disease globally, but their quality currently varies too much for clinicians to feel confident about recommending them to patients. The ma...

    Authors: Jeremy C. Wyatt
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:225

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2019 17:144

  6. Previous evidence indicates that sauna bathing is related to a reduced risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in men. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sauna habits a...

    Authors: Tanjaniina Laukkanen, Setor K. Kunutsor, Hassan Khan, Peter Willeit, Francesco Zaccardi and Jari A. Laukkanen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:219
  7. Birth weight and early child growth are important predictors of long-term cardiometabolic disease risk, in line with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. As human assisted reproductive t...

    Authors: Mark Hann, Stephen A. Roberts, Stephen W. D’Souza, Peter Clayton, Nick Macklon and Daniel R. Brison
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:224
  8. Plasmodium ovale spp. and P. malariae cause illness in endemic regions and returning travellers. Far less is known about these species than P. falciparum and P. vivax.

    Authors: Laura E. B. Nabarro, Debbie Nolder, Claire Broderick, Behzad Nadjm, Valerie Smith, Marie Blaze, Anna M. Checkley, Peter L. Chiodini, Colin J. Sutherland and Christopher J. M. Whitty
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:218
  9. Understanding the long-term health impacts of the early-life exposome requires the characterization and assimilation of multi ‘omics’ data to ultimately link molecular changes to exposures. In this way, marker...

    Authors: Alicia DiBattista and Pranesh Chakraborty
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:222

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2018 16:202

  10. The past 15 years have seen the emergence of a new paradigm in medical research, namely of people living with medical conditions (whether patients, parents, or caregivers) using digital tools to conduct N-of-1...

    Authors: Paul Wicks
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:217
  11. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, with increasing incidence. The mortality rate of pancreatic cancer is rising rapidly, and is projected to be the seco...

    Authors: Huiyun Zhu, Tuo Li, Yiqi Du and Min Li
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:214
  12. Improving clinical outcomes and quality of care in diseases such as sepsis, which are heterogeneous in their presenting signs and symptoms, is a challenge. One approach is to utilise the Functional Analysis Re...

    Authors: Damian Roland
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:213

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2018 16:174

  13. Adequate reporting of adaptive designs (ADs) maximises their potential benefits in the conduct of clinical trials. Transparent reporting can help address some obstacles and concerns relating to the use of ADs....

    Authors: Munyaradzi Dimairo, Elizabeth Coates, Philip Pallmann, Susan Todd, Steven A. Julious, Thomas Jaki, James Wason, Adrian P. Mander, Christopher J. Weir, Franz Koenig, Marc K. Walton, Katie Biggs, Jon Nicholl, Toshimitsu Hamasaki, Michael A. Proschan, John A. Scott…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:210
  14. It is presumed that pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of prenatal common mental disorders can mitigate associated adverse effects in offspring, yet strong evidence for the prophylactic benefits...

    Authors: Marlies E. Brouwer, Alishia D. Williams, Sam E. van Grinsven, Pim Cuijpers, Mijke P. Lambregtse-van den Berg, Huibert Burger and Claudi L. H. Bockting
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:208
  15. Spatial epidemiology is a rapidly advancing field, pushing our abilities to measure, monitor and map pathogens at increasingly finer spatiotemporal scales. However, these scales often do not align with the abi...

    Authors: Andrew J. Tatem
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:209
  16. Concerns have been raised that observing other people using e-cigarettes may undermine motivation to quit by renormalising smoking. This study aimed to explore associations between regular exposure to other pe...

    Authors: Sarah E. Jackson, Emma Beard, Susan Michie, Lion Shahab, Tobias Raupach, Robert West and Jamie Brown
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:206
  17. In 2005, the FDA cautioned that exposure to paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), during the first trimester of pregnancy may increase the risk of cardiac malformations. Since then, the ...

    Authors: Shan-Yan Gao, Qi-Jun Wu, Ce Sun, Tie-Ning Zhang, Zi-Qi Shen, Cai-Xia Liu, Ting-Ting Gong, Xin Xu, Chao Ji, Dong-Hui Huang, Qing Chang and Yu-Hong Zhao
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:205
  18. Environment and diet in early life can affect development and health throughout the life course. Metabolic phenotyping of urine and serum represents a complementary systems-wide approach to elucidate environme...

    Authors: Chung-Ho E. Lau, Alexandros P. Siskos, Léa Maitre, Oliver Robinson, Toby J. Athersuch, Elizabeth J. Want, Jose Urquiza, Maribel Casas, Marina Vafeiadi, Theano Roumeliotaki, Rosemary R. C. McEachan, Rafaq Azad, Line S. Haug, Helle M. Meltzer, Sandra Andrusaityte, Inga Petraviciene…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:202

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2018 16:222

  19. Several quinoline and structurally related antimalarial drugs are associated with cardiovascular side effects, particularly hypotension and electrocardiographic QT interval prolongation. A prolonged QT interva...

    Authors: Ilsa L. Haeusler, Xin Hui S. Chan, Philippe J. Guérin and Nicholas J. White
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:200
  20. Maternal gestational diabetes (GDM) is an established risk factor for large size at birth, but its influence on intrauterine fetal growth in different ethnic populations is less well understood. Here, we exami...

    Authors: Judith S. Brand, Jane West, Derek Tuffnell, Philippa K. Bird, John Wright, Kate Tilling and Debbie A. Lawlor
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:203
  21. Gestational weight gain differs according to pre-pregnancy body mass index and is related to the risks of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Gestational weight gain charts for women in different pre-p...

    Authors: Susana Santos, Iris Eekhout, Ellis Voerman, Romy Gaillard, Henrique Barros, Marie-Aline Charles, Leda Chatzi, Cécile Chevrier, George P. Chrousos, Eva Corpeleijn, Nathalie Costet, Sarah Crozier, Myriam Doyon, Merete Eggesbø, Maria Pia Fantini, Sara Farchi…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:201
  22. Factors driving inter-individual differences in immune responses upon different types of prenatal malaria exposure (PME) and subsequent risk of malaria in infancy remain poorly understood. In this study, we ex...

    Authors: Hamtandi Magloire Natama, Gemma Moncunill, Eduard Rovira-Vallbona, Héctor Sanz, Hermann Sorgho, Ruth Aguilar, Maminata Coulibaly-Traoré, M. Athanase Somé, Susana Scott, Innocent Valéa, Petra F. Mens, Henk D. F. H. Schallig, Luc Kestens, Halidou Tinto, Carlota Dobaño and Anna Rosanas-Urgell
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:198

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2018 16:212

  23. Childhood malnutrition remains highly prevalent in low-income countries, and a 40% reduction in under-5 year stunting is WHO’s top Global Target 2025. Disappointingly, meta-analyses of intensive nutrition inte...

    Authors: Mayya Husseini, Momodou K Darboe, Sophie E Moore, Helen M Nabwera and Andrew M Prentice
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:199
  24. The RTS,S/AS01E vaccine provides partial protection against malaria in African children, but immune responses have only been partially characterized and do not reliably predict protective efficacy. We aimed to...

    Authors: Itziar Ubillos, Aintzane Ayestaran, Augusto J Nhabomba, David Dosoo, Marta Vidal, Alfons Jiménez, Chenjerai Jairoce, Hèctor Sanz, Ruth Aguilar, Nana Aba Williams, Núria Díez-Padrisa, Maximilian Mpina, Hermann Sorgho, Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, Simon Kariuki, Benjamin Mordmüller…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:197
  25. The host, microbial, and environmental factors that contribute to variation in tuberculosis (TB) disease are incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that one driver of geographic variation in T...

    Authors: Kirsten E Wiens, Lauren P Woyczynski, Jorge R Ledesma, Jennifer M Ross, Roberto Zenteno-Cuevas, Amador Goodridge, Irfan Ullah, Barun Mathema, Joel Fleury Djoba Siawaya, Molly H Biehl, Sarah E Ray, Natalia V Bhattacharjee, Nathaniel J Henry, Robert C Reiner Jr, Hmwe H Kyu, Christopher J L Murray…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:196
  26. Despite substantial improvement in the control of malaria and decreased prevalence of malnutrition over the past two decades, both conditions remain heavy burdens that cause hundreds of thousands of deaths in ...

    Authors: D Das, R F Grais, E A Okiro, K Stepniewska, R Mansoor, S van der Kam, D J Terlouw, J Tarning, K I Barnes and P J Guerin
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:186
  27. Nutritional status and individual nutrients have been associated with frailty in older adults. The extent to which these associations hold in younger people, by type of malnutrition or grades of frailty, is un...

    Authors: Kulapong Jayanama, Olga Theou, Joanna M Blodgett, Leah Cahill and Kenneth Rockwood
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:188

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2018 16:235

  28. Adult height is associated with risk of several diseases, but the breadth of such associations and whether these associations are primary or due to confounding are unclear. We examined the association of adult...

    Authors: Florence Y. Lai, Mintu Nath, Stephen E. Hamby, John R. Thompson, Christopher P. Nelson and Nilesh J. Samani
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:187
  29. Whether physical activity can reduce cognitive frailty—a relatively new “compound” phenotype proposed in 2013—and whether the effect of physical activity differs based on levels of inflammation are unknown. Th...

    Authors: Zuyun Liu, Fang-Chi Hsu, Andrea Trombetti, Abby C. King, Christine K. Liu, Todd M. Manini, Roger A. Fielding, Marco Pahor, Anne B. Newman, Stephen Kritchevsky and Thomas M. Gill
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:185
  30. Maternal lifestyle factors, including smoking and increased body weight, increase risks of adult diseases such as metabolic syndrome and infertility. The fetal thyroid gland is essential for the control of fet...

    Authors: Panagiotis Filis, Sabine Hombach-Klonisch, Pierre Ayotte, Nalin Nagrath, Ugo Soffientini, Thomas Klonisch, Peter O’Shaughnessy and Paul A. Fowler
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:194
  31. Community health workers (CHWs) can provide diagnosis and treatment of malaria in remote rural areas and are therefore key to the elimination of malaria. However, as incidence declines, uptake of their service...

    Authors: Alistair R. D. McLean, Hla Phyo Wai, Aung Myat Thu, Zay Soe Khant, Chanida Indrasuta, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Thar Tun Kyaw, Nicholas P. J. Day, Arjen Dondorp, Nicholas J. White and Frank M. Smithuis
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:183
  32. Long waiting times are associated with public community outpatient health services. This trial aimed to determine if a new model of care based on evidence-based strategies that improved patient flow in two sma...

    Authors: Katherine E. Harding, Sandra G. Leggat, Jennifer J. Watts, Bridie Kent, Luke Prendergast, Michelle Kotis, Mary O’Reilly, Leila Karimi, Annie K. Lewis, David A. Snowdon and Nicholas F. Taylor
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:182
  33. Local mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission has been reported in two counties in the contiguous United States (US), prompting the issuance of travel, prevention, and testing guidance across the contigu...

    Authors: Kaiyuan Sun, Qian Zhang, Ana Pastore-Piontti, Matteo Chinazzi, Dina Mistry, Natalie E Dean, Diana Patricia Rojas, Stefano Merler, Piero Poletti, Luca Rossi, M Elizabeth Halloran, Ira M Longini Jr and Alessandro Vespignani
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:195
  34. Tuberculosis (TB) transmission often occurs within a household or community, leading to heterogeneous spatial patterns. However, apparent spatial clustering of TB could reflect ongoing transmission or co-locat...

    Authors: Debebe Shaweno, Malancha Karmakar, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Romain Ragonnet, Archie CA Clements, James M. Trauer, Justin T. Denholm and Emma S. McBryde
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:193
  35. Recent global progress in scaling up malaria control interventions has revived the goal of complete elimination in many countries. Decreasing transmission intensity generally leads to increasingly patchy spati...

    Authors: Amy Wesolowski, Aimee R Taylor, Hsiao-Han Chang, Robert Verity, Sofonias Tessema, Jeffrey A Bailey, T Alex Perkins, Daniel E Neafsey, Bryan Greenhouse and Caroline O Buckee
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:190

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2018 16:241

  36. A sequence of annual measles epidemics has been observed from January 2013 to April 2017 in the South West Shoa Zone of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia. We aimed at estimating the burden of disease in the affected...

    Authors: Piero Poletti, Stefano Parlamento, Tafarraa Fayyisaa, Rattaa Feyyiss, Marta Lusiani, Ademe Tsegaye, Giulia Segafredo, Giovanni Putoto, Fabio Manenti and Stefano Merler
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:177
  37. In the REMoxTB study of 4-month treatment-shortening regimens containing moxifloxacin compared to the standard 6-month regimen for tuberculosis, the proportion of unfavourable outcomes for women was similar in...

    Authors: M. E. Murphy, G. H. Wills, S. Murthy, C. Louw, A. L. C. Bateson, R. D. Hunt, T. D. McHugh, A. J. Nunn, S. K. Meredith, C. M. Mendel, M. Spigelman, A. M. Crook and S. H. Gillespie
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:189
  38. We aimed to determine the best study designs for assessing interventions to improve the peer review process according to experts’ opinions. Furthermore, for interventions previously evaluated, we determined wh...

    Authors: Amytis Heim, Philippe Ravaud, Gabriel Baron and Isabelle Boutron
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:191
  39. Clinical decision rules (CDRs) aid in the management of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recently, the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee (SNC) has published practical, evidence-based guidelines for...

    Authors: Johan Undén, Stuart R. Dalziel, Meredith L. Borland, Natalie Phillips, Amit Kochar, Mark D. Lyttle, Silvia Bressan, John A. Cheek, Jocelyn Neutze, Susan Donath, Stephen Hearps, Ed Oakley, Sarah Dalton, Yuri Gilhotra and Franz E. Babl
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:176
  40. Ensuring effective identification and management of sepsis is a healthcare priority in many countries. Recommendations for sepsis management in primary care have been produced, but in complex healthcare system...

    Authors: Duncan McNab, John Freestone, Chris Black, Andrew Carson-Stevens and Paul Bowie
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:174

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2018 16:213

  41. The focus of this study is to identify particular microRNA (miRNA) signatures in exosomes derived from plasma of 435 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and triple-negative (TN) subtypes o...

    Authors: Ines Stevic, Volkmar Müller, Karsten Weber, Peter A. Fasching, Thomas Karn, Frederic Marmé, Christian Schem, Elmar Stickeler, Carsten Denkert, Marion van Mackelenbergh, Christoph Salat, Andreas Schneeweiss, Klaus Pantel, Sibylle Loibl, Michael Untch and Heidi Schwarzenbach
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:179