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  1. Polio eradication is an extraordinary globally coordinated health program in terms of its magnitude and reach, leading to the elimination of wild poliovirus (WPV) in most parts of the world. In 2013, a silent ...

    Authors: Rami Yaari, Ehud Kaliner, Itamar Grotto, Guy Katriel, Jacob Moran-Gilad, Danit Sofer, Ella Mendelson, Elizabeth Miller, Amit Huppert, E. Anis, E. Kopel, Y. Manor, O. Mor, L. Shulman, R. Singer and M. Weil
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:95

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2016 14:120

  2. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted a new Global Health Sector Strategy on HIV for 2016–2021. It establishes 15 ambitious targets, including the ‘90-90-90’ target calling on health systems to ...

    Authors: Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Kelly Safreed-Harmon, Simon E. Barton, Dominique Costagliola, Nikos Dedes, Julia del Amo Valero, Jose M. Gatell, Ricardo Baptista-Leite, Luís Mendão, Kholoud Porter, Stefano Vella and Jürgen Kurt Rockstroh
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:94
  3. Multimorbidity is common in deprived communities and reduces quality of life. Our aim was to evaluate a whole-system primary care-based complex intervention, called CARE Plus, to improve quality of life in mul...

    Authors: Stewart W. Mercer, Bridie Fitzpatrick, Bruce Guthrie, Elisabeth Fenwick, Eleanor Grieve, Kenny Lawson, Nicki Boyer, Alex McConnachie, Suzanne M. Lloyd, Rosaleen O’Brien, Graham C. M. Watt and Sally Wyke
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:88
  4. There has been increasing interest in the role of malaria drugs in preventing malaria transmission from humans to mosquitoes, which would help augment malaria control and elimination strategies. Nevertheless, ...

    Authors: Harin A. Karunajeewa and Ivo Mueller
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:93
  5. Our microbial companions (the “microbiota”) are extremely important for the preservation of human health. Although changes in bacterial communities (dysbiosis) are commonly associated with disease, such change...

    Authors: Amir A. Kuperman and Omry Koren
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:91
  6. Multiple micronutrient supplementation for pregnant women reduces low birth weight and has been recommended in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to improve child survival, growth and health. We aimed to...

    Authors: Delan Devakumar, Caroline H. D. Fall, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Barrie M. Margetts, Clive Osmond, Jonathan C. K. Wells, Anthony Costello and David Osrin
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:90
  7. Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is extremely challenging due to the virulence of the etiologic strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the aberrant host immune responses and the dimi...

    Authors: Alimuddin Zumla, Martin Rao, Ernest Dodoo and Markus Maeurer
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:89
  8. Life expectancy is increasing in Europe, yet a substantial proportion of adults still die prematurely before the age of 70 years. We sought to estimate the joint and relative contributions of tobacco smoking, ...

    Authors: David C. Muller, Neil Murphy, Mattias Johansson, Pietro Ferrari, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Francoise Clavel, Laureen Dartois, Kuanrong Li, Rudolf Kaaks, Cornelia Weikert, Manuela Bergmann, Heiner Boeing, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, M. Luisa Redondo…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:87
  9. Preterm birth is now recognized as the primary cause of infant mortality worldwide. Interplay between hormonal and inflammatory signaling in the uterus modulates the onset of contractions; however, the relativ...

    Authors: Roberta Migale, David A. MacIntyre, Stefano Cacciatore, Yun S. Lee, Henrik Hagberg, Bronwen R. Herbert, Mark R. Johnson, Donald Peebles, Simon N. Waddington and Phillip R. Bennett
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:86
  10. The peer review process is a cornerstone of biomedical research. We aimed to evaluate the impact of interventions to improve the quality of peer review for biomedical publications.

    Authors: Rachel Bruce, Anthony Chauvin, Ludovic Trinquart, Philippe Ravaud and Isabelle Boutron
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:85
  11. HIV/AIDS causes severe dysfunction of the immune system through CD4+ T cell depletion, leading to dysregulation of both the adaptive and innate immune arms. A primary target for viral infection is the gastroin...

    Authors: Gili Zilberman-Schapira, Niv Zmora, Shlomik Itav, Stavros Bashiardes, Hila Elinav and Eran Elinav
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:83
  12. Accumulated evidence, corroborated by a new systematic review by Kristensen et al. (Genome Med 8:52, 2016), suggests that probiotics do not significantly impact the fecal microbiota composition of healthy subj...

    Authors: Mary Ellen Sanders
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:82
  13. Extended use of combined pharmacotherapies to treat tobacco dependence may increase smoking abstinence; few studies have examined their effectiveness. The objective of this study was to evaluate smoking abstin...

    Authors: Heather E. Tulloch, Andrew L. Pipe, Charl Els, Matthew J. Clyde and Robert D. Reid
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:80
  14. Gametocytes are responsible for transmission of malaria from human to mosquito. Artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) reduces post-treatment gametocyte carriage, dependent upon host, parasite and pharmacodynam...

    Authors:
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:79
  15. Impact occurs when research generates benefits (health, economic, cultural) in addition to building the academic knowledge base. Its mechanisms are complex and reflect the multiple ways in which knowledge is g...

    Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh, James Raftery, Steve Hanney and Matthew Glover
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:78
  16. Stroke incidence is increased in Black individuals but the reasons for this are poorly understood. Exploring the differences in aetiological stroke subtypes, and the extent to which they are explained by conve...

    Authors: Giosue Gulli, Loes C. A. Rutten-Jacobs, Lalit Kalra, Anthony G. Rudd, Charles D. A. Wolfe and Hugh S. Markus
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:77
  17. Despite some success in controlling trachoma with repeated mass drug administration (MDA), some hyperendemic regions are not responding as fast as anticipated. Available data suggests that individuals with hig...

    Authors: Amy Pinsent, Matthew J. Burton and Manoj Gambhir
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:71
  18. An incomplete understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying protection against tuberculosis (TB) hampers the development of new vaccines against TB. We aimed to define host correlates of prospective...

    Authors: Helen A. Fletcher, Ali Filali-Mouhim, Elisa Nemes, Anthony Hawkridge, Alana Keyser, Samuel Njikan, Mark Hatherill, Thomas J. Scriba, Brian Abel, Benjamin M. Kagina, Ashley Veldsman, Nancy Marín Agudelo, Gilla Kaplan, Gregory D. Hussey, Rafick-Pierre Sekaly and Willem A. Hanekom
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:76
  19. Compared to healthy controls, people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been shown to receive less pain medication and report pain less frequently. It is unknown if these findings reflect less perceived pain i...

    Authors: Todd B. Monroe, Stephen J. Gibson, Stephen P. Bruehl, John C. Gore, Mary S. Dietrich, Paul Newhouse, Sebastian Atalla and Ronald L. Cowan
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:74
  20. These are exciting times for cancer immunotherapy. After many years of disappointing results, the tide has finally changed and immunotherapy has become a clinically validated treatment for many cancers. Immuno...

    Authors: Sofia Farkona, Eleftherios P. Diamandis and Ivan M. Blasutig
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:73
  21. Authors: Joachim Schmutzhard, Peter Lackner, Raimund Helbok, Helene Verena Hurth, Fabian Cedric Aregger, Veronika Muigg, Josua Kegele, Sebastian Bunk, Lukas Oberhammer, Natalie Fischer, Leyla Pinggera, Allan Otieno, Bernards Ogutu, Tsiri Agbenyega, Daniel Ansong, Ayola A. Adegnika…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:70

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2015 13:125

  22. Evidence-based practice in eating disorders incorporates three essential components: research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values, preferences, and characteristics. Conceptualized as a ‘three-legg...

    Authors: Carol B. Peterson, Carolyn Black Becker, Janet Treasure, Roz Shafran and Rachel Bryant-Waugh
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:69
  23. New treatment options are needed to maintain and improve therapy for tuberculosis, which caused the death of 1.5 million people in 2013 despite potential for an 86 % treatment success rate. A greater understan...

    Authors: Isobella Honeyborne, Timothy D. McHugh, Iitu Kuittinen, Anna Cichonska, Dimitrios Evangelopoulos, Katharina Ronacher, Paul D. van Helden, Stephen H. Gillespie, Delmiro Fernandez-Reyes, Gerhard Walzl, Juho Rousu, Philip D. Butcher and Simon J. Waddell
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:68
  24. Smoking is the most important individual risk factor for many cancer sites but its association with breast and prostate cancer is not entirely clear. Rate advancement periods (RAPs) may enhance communication o...

    Authors: José Manuel Ordóñez-Mena, Ben Schöttker, Ute Mons, Mazda Jenab, Heinz Freisling, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Mark G. O’Doherty, Angela Scott, Frank Kee, Bruno H. Stricker, Albert Hofman, Catherine E. de Keyser, Rikje Ruiter, Stefan Söderberg, Pekka Jousilahti, Kari Kuulasmaa…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:62
  25. Epidemiological studies have observed a positive association between an earlier age at sexual development and prostate cancer, but markers of sexual maturation in boys are imprecise and observational estimates...

    Authors: Carolina Bonilla, Sarah J. Lewis, Richard M. Martin, Jenny L. Donovan, Freddie C. Hamdy, David E. Neal, Rosalind Eeles, Doug Easton, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Ali Amin Al Olama, Sara Benlloch, Kenneth Muir, Graham G. Giles, Fredrik Wiklund, Henrik Gronberg, Christopher A. Haiman…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:66
  26. In March 2008, the D:A:D study published results demonstrating an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) for patients on abacavir (ABC). We describe changes to the use of ABC since this date, and investi...

    Authors: Caroline A. Sabin, Peter Reiss, Lene Ryom, Andrew N. Phillips, Rainer Weber, Matthew Law, Eric Fontas, Amanda Mocroft, Stephane de Wit, Colette Smith, Francois Dabis, Antonella d’Arminio Monforte, Wafaa El-Sadr and Jens D. Lundgren
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:61
  27. The world is closer than ever to a polio-free Africa. In this end-stage, it is important to ensure high levels of population immunity to prevent polio outbreaks. Here, we introduce a new method of assessing va...

    Authors: Alexander M. Upfill-Brown, Arend Voorman, Guillaume Chabot-Couture, Faisal Shuaib and Hil M. Lyons
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:60
  28. In a recent research article in BMC Medicine, Créquit and colleagues demonstrate how published systematic reviews in lung cancer provide a fragmented, out-of-date picture of the evidence for all treatments. The r...

    Authors: Per Olav Vandvik, Romina Brignardello-Petersen and Gordon H. Guyatt
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:59

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2016 14:8

  29. Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide, predominantly affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where resources are limited. As such, countries need to be a...

    Authors: R. M. G. J. Houben, M. Lalli, T. Sumner, M. Hamilton, D. Pedrazzoli, F. Bonsu, P. Hippner, Y. Pillay, M. Kimerling, S. Ahmedov, C. Pretorius and R. G. White
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:56
  30. In this interview, we talk to leading tuberculosis (TB) experts from University College London and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine about the current challenges in TB research. The video of t...

    Authors: Patrick P. J. Phillips, Helen A. Fletcher, Ibrahim Abubakar, Marc C. I. Lipman and Timothy D. McHugh
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:55
  31. Simple immune capture assays that detect mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen in urine are promising new tools for the diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis (HIV-TB). In addition, however, recent p...

    Authors: Ankur Gupta-Wright, Jurgens A. Peters, Clare Flach and Stephen D. Lawn
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:53
  32. In low-incidence countries, clinical experience of tuberculosis is becoming more limited, with potential consequences for patient outcomes. In 2007, the Department of Health released a guidance ‘toolkit’ recom...

    Authors: Helen R. Stagg, Ibrahim Abubakar, James Brown, Maeve K. Lalor, H. Lucy Thomas, Tehreem Mohiyuddin, Debora Pedrazzoli and Corinne S. Merle
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:52
  33. The standard 6-month four-drug regimen for the treatment of drug-sensitive tuberculosis has remained unchanged for decades and is inadequate to control the epidemic. Shorter, simpler regimens are urgently need...

    Authors: Patrick P. J. Phillips, Kelly E. Dooley, Stephen H. Gillespie, Norbert Heinrich, Jason E. Stout, Payam Nahid, Andreas H. Diacon, Rob E. Aarnoutse, Gibson S. Kibiki, Martin J. Boeree and Michael Hoelscher
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:51
  34. Tuberculosis (TB) causes significant morbidity and mortality in high-income countries with foreign-born individuals bearing a disproportionate burden of the overall TB case burden in these countries. In this r...

    Authors: Manish Pareek, Christina Greenaway, Teymur Noori, Jose Munoz and Dominik Zenner
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:48
  35. Tuberculosis is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite recent advances in containing the epidemic, several challenges continue to slow progress towards elimination including the continuing im...

    Authors: Ibrahim Abubakar, Marc Lipman, Timothy D. McHugh and Helen Fletcher
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:47
  36. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge to global health and to healthcare in the UK. In 2014, a total of 6,520 cases of TB were recorded in England, of which 1.4 % were multidrug-resistant ...

    Authors: Adam A. Witney, Catherine A. Cosgrove, Amber Arnold, Jason Hinds, Neil G. Stoker and Philip D. Butcher
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:46
  37. The decision to treat active tuberculosis (TB) is dependent on microbiological tests for the organism or evidence of disease compatible with TB in people with a high demographic risk of exposure. The tuberculi...

    Authors: Carolin T. Haas, Jennifer K. Roe, Gabriele Pollara, Meera Mehta and Mahdad Noursadeghi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:37
  38. Combating the spread of drug resistant tuberculosis is a global health priority. Whole genome association studies are being applied to identify genetic determinants of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. Pr...

    Authors: Jody Phelan, Francesc Coll, Ruth McNerney, David B. Ascher, Douglas E. V. Pires, Nick Furnham, Nele Coeck, Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne, Mridul B. Nair, Kim Mallard, Andrew Ramsay, Susana Campino, Martin L. Hibberd, Arnab Pain, Leen Rigouts and Taane G. Clark
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:31
  39. Early identification of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) increases the likelihood of treatment success and interrupts transmission. Resource-constrained settings use risk profiling to ration t...

    Authors: Laura J. Martin, Martha H. Roper, Louis Grandjean, Robert H. Gilman, Jorge Coronel, Luz Caviedes, Jon S. Friedland and David A. J. Moore
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:30
  40. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is becoming an important part of epidemiological investigations of infectious diseases due to greater resolution and cost reductions compared to traditional typing approaches. Man...

    Authors: Hollie-Ann Hatherell, Caroline Colijn, Helen R. Stagg, Charlotte Jackson, Joanne R. Winter and Ibrahim Abubakar
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2016 14:21