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  1. Strategies for use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have traditionally focused on providing treatment to persons who stand to benefit immediately from initiating the therapy. There is global consensus that any ...

    Authors: Jens D Lundgren, Abdel G Babiker, Fred M Gordin, Álvaro H Borges and James D Neaton
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:148
  2. The debate regarding ‘When to Start’ antiretroviral therapy has raged since the introduction of zidovudine in 1987. Based on the entry criteria for the original Burroughs Wellcome 002 study, the field has been...

    Authors: Ricardo A Franco and Michael S Saag
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:147
  3. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are attractive for cell-based therapies ranging from regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to immunomodulation. However, clinical efficacy is variable and it is unclear ...

    Authors: Georg Siegel, Torsten Kluba, Ursula Hermanutz-Klein, Karen Bieback, Hinnak Northoff and Richard Schäfer
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:146
  4. Asthma is characterized by both chronic inflammation and airway remodeling. Remodeling - the structural changes seen in asthmatic airways - is pivotal in the pathogenesis of the disease. Although significant a...

    Authors: Rachid Berair, Ruth Saunders and Christopher E Brightling
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:145
  5. Poor pain and function outcomes are undesirable after an elective surgery such as total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA). Recent studies have indicated that the presence of contralateral joint influences out...

    Authors: Jasvinder A Singh and David G Lewallen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:144
  6. The coronary arteries have been regarded as end arteries for decades. However, there are functionally relevant anastomotic vessels, known as collateral arteries, which interconnect epicardial coronary arteries...

    Authors: Pascal Meier, Stephan H Schirmer, Alexandra J Lansky, Adam Timmis, Bertram Pitt and Christian Seiler
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:143
  7. Clinicians are encouraged to take an individualized approach when treatinghypertension in patients of African ancestry, but little is known about whythe individual patient may respond well to calcium blockers ...

    Authors: Lizzy M Brewster and Yackoob K Seedat
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:141
  8. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and varenicline are both effective in helping smokers quit. There is growing interest in combining the two treatments to improve treatment outcomes, but no experimental data ...

    Authors: Peter Hajek, Katie Myers Smith, Al-Rehan Dhanji and Hayden McRobbie
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:140
  9. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been promoted as an attractive option to use as cellular delivery vehicles to carry anti-tumor agents, owing to their ability to home into tumor sites and secrete cytokines. ...

    Authors: Carolina Belmar-Lopez, Gracia Mendoza, Daniel Oberg, Jerome Burnet, Carlos Simon, Irene Cervello, Maite Iglesias, Juan Carlos Ramirez, Pilar Lopez-Larrubia, Miguel Quintanilla and Pilar Martin-Duque
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:139
  10. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) therapy may be useful in early musculoskeletal rehabilitation during acute critical illness. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectivenes...

    Authors: Nicola A Maffiuletti, Marc Roig, Eleftherios Karatzanos and Serafim Nanas
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:137
  11. Falls are one of the most frequently occurring adverse events that impact upon the recovery of older hospital inpatients. Falls can threaten both immediate and longer-term health and independence. There is nee...

    Authors: Terry P Haines, Anne-Marie Hill, Keith D Hill, Sandra G Brauer, Tammy Hoffmann, Christopher Etherton-Beer and Steven M McPhail
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:135
  12. Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) poses a major limitation for broader therapeutic application of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Early diagnosis of aGVHD remains difficult and ...

    Authors: Carina A Bäuerlein, Simone S Riedel, Jeanette Baker, Christian Brede, Ana-Laura Jordán Garrote, Martin Chopra, Miriam Ritz, Georg F Beilhack, Stephan Schulz, Robert Zeiser, Paul G Schlegel, Hermann Einsele, Robert S Negrin and Andreas Beilhack
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:134
  13. The revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) provides a useful opportunity to revisit debates about the nature of psychiatric classification. An important debate concerns the...

    Authors: Dan J Stein and Katharine A Phillips
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:133
  14. The central theme of personalized medicine is the premise that an individual’s unique physiologic characteristics play a significant role in both disease vulnerability and in response to specific therapies. Th...

    Authors: Uzoezi Ozomaro, Claes Wahlestedt and Charles B Nemeroff
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:132
  15. Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder worldwide. The burden of disease for depression goes beyond functioning and quality of life and extends to somatic health. Depression has been shown to subseq...

    Authors: Brenda WJH Penninx, Yuri Milaneschi, Femke Lamers and Nicole Vogelzangs
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:129
  16. The furore preceding the release of the new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is in contrast to the incremental changes to several diagnostic categories, which are de...

    Authors: Michael Berk
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:128
  17. After 30 years of consensus-derived diagnostic categories in mental health, it is time to head in new directions. Those categories placed great emphasis on enhanced reliability and the capacity to identify the...

    Authors: Ian B Hickie, Jan Scott, Daniel F Hermens, Elizabeth M Scott, Sharon L Naismith, Adam J Guastella, Nick Glozier and Patrick D McGorry
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:125
  18. A precise understanding of the genomic and epigenomic features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may benefit the study of the disease’s staging and treatment. While recent reports have shed some light on t...

    Authors: Víctor Quesada, Andrew J Ramsay, David Rodríguez, Xose S Puente, Elías Campo and Carlos López-Otín
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:124
  19. The role of drug-eluting balloons (DEB) is unclear. Increasing evidence has shown a benefit for the treatment of in-stent restenosis. Its effect on de novo coronary lesions is more controversial. Several smaller ...

    Authors: Georg M Fröhlich, Alexandra J Lansky, Dennis T Ko, Olga Archangelidi, Rodney De Palma, Adam Timmis and Pascal Meier
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:123
  20. Almost nothing is known about the medical aspects of runners doing a transcontinental ultramarathon over several weeks. The results of differentiated measurements of changes in body composition during the Tran...

    Authors: Uwe HW Schütz, Christian Billich, Kathrin König, Christian Würslin, Heike Wiedelbach, Hans-Jürgen Brambs and Jürgen Machann
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:122
  21. An ancillary finding in previous research has suggested that the use of antidepressant medications increases the risk of developing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Our objective was to evaluate whether dep...

    Authors: Mary AM Rogers, M Todd Greene, Vincent B Young, Sanjay Saint, Kenneth M Langa, John Y Kao and David M Aronoff
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:121
  22. Atherosclerosis, the major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is a chronic inflammatory condition with immune competent cells in lesions producing mainly pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dead cells and oxidized...

    Authors: Johan Frostegård
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:117
  23. The cost-effectiveness of universal rotavirus (RV) vaccination is controversial in developed countries. As a result, RV vaccination programs do not currently exist in most European countries. Hospitalization i...

    Authors: Patricia Bruijning-Verhagen, Marie-Josée J Mangen, Mariet Felderhof, Nico G Hartwig, Marlies van Houten, Léon Winkel, Wouter J de Waal and Marc JM Bonten
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:112
  24. Despite being a core business of medicine, end of life care (EoLC) is neglected. It is hampered by research that is difficult to conduct with no common standards. We aimed to develop evidence-based guidance on...

    Authors: Irene J Higginson, Catherine J Evans, Gunn Grande, Nancy Preston, Myfanwy Morgan, Paul McCrone, Penney Lewis, Peter Fayers, Richard Harding, Matthew Hotopf, Scott A Murray, Hamid Benalia, Marjolein Gysels, Morag Farquhar and Chris Todd
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:111
  25. The mind-body nexus has been a topic of growing interest. Further data are however required to understand the specific relationship between mood and anxiety disorders and individual physical health conditions,...

    Authors: Livia Sanna, Amanda L Stuart, Julie A Pasco, Mark A Kotowicz, Michael Berk, Paolo Girardi, Sharon L Brennan and Lana J Williams
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:110
  26. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a hereditary tumor syndrome characterized by the development of benign nerve-sheath tumors, which transform to malignant peripheral nerve-sheath tumors (MPNST) in about 8 to 1...

    Authors: Su-Jin Park, Birgit Sawitzki, Lan Kluwe, Victor F Mautner, Nikola Holtkamp and Andreas Kurtz
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:109
  27. Testosterone therapy is increasingly promoted. No randomized placebo-controlled trial has been implemented to assess the effect of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular events, although very high levels of an...

    Authors: Lin Xu, Guy Freeman, Benjamin J Cowling and C Mary Schooling
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:108
  28. Several factors contribute to the high mortality attributed to severe infections in resource-limited settings. While improvements in survival and processes of care have been made in high-income settings among ...

    Authors: Shevin T Jacob, Matthew Lim, Patrick Banura, Satish Bhagwanjee, Julian Bion, Allen C Cheng, Hillary Cohen, Jeremy Farrar, Sandy Gove, Philip Hopewell, Christopher C Moore, Cathy Roth and T Eoin West
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:107
  29. Chemosensitivity and tumor metastasis are two primary issues in cancer management. Cancer cells often exhibit a wide range of sensitivity to anti-cancer compounds. To gain insight on the genetic mechanism of d...

    Authors: Yi-Chiung Hsu, Hsuan-Yu Chen, Shinsheng Yuan, Sung-Liang Yu, Chia-Hung Lin, Guani Wu, Pan-Chyr Yang and Ker-Chau Li
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:106
  30. Patients with dementia frequently do not receive adequate palliative care which may relate to poor understanding of the natural course of dementia. We hypothesized that understanding that dementia is a progres...

    Authors: Jenny T van der Steen, Bregje D Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Dirk L Knol, Miel W Ribbe and Luc Deliens
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:105
  31. The purpose of this article is to review the imaging techniques that have changed and are anticipated to change bladder cancer evaluation. The use of multidetector 64-slice computed tomography (CT) and magneti...

    Authors: Shaista Hafeez and Robert Huddart
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:104
  32. Current policies encourage healthcare institutions to acquire clinical information systems (CIS) so that captured data can be used for secondary purposes, including clinical process improvement. Such policies ...

    Authors: Cecily Morrison, Matthew Jones, Rachel Jones and Alain Vuylsteke
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:103
  33. Surgeons are usually exposed to high workloads leading to fatigue and stress. This not only increases the likelihood of mistakes during surgery but also puts pressure on surgeons to use drugs to counteract fat...

    Authors: Andreas G Franke, Christiana Bagusat, Pavel Dietz, Isabell Hoffmann, Perikles Simon, Rolf Ulrich and Klaus Lieb
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:102
  34. Almost 25 years ago, the concept of the ‘mosaic of autoimmunity’ was introduced to the scientific community, and since then this concept has continuously evolved, with new pebbles being added regularly. We are...

    Authors: Carlo Perricone, Nancy Agmon-Levin and Yehuda Shoenfeld
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:101
  35. Older persons have higher autoimmunity but a lower prevalence of autoimmune diseases. A possible explanation for this is the expansion of many protective regulatory mechanisms highly characteristic in the elde...

    Authors: Zahava Vadasz, Tharwat Haj, Aharon Kessel and Elias Toubi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:94