Alcohol intake, wine consumption and the development of depression: the PREDIMED study

Table 3 Risks of depression according to weekly wine consumption

*Wine* : *drinks* / *week*	*Abstainers*	<1	1 to<2	2 to 7	>7
	Baseline wine consumption^a
Cases/Person-years	195/7,777	44/2,461	28/1,708	57/3,183	32/6,828
Age and sex-adjusted model	1 (Ref.)	1.05 (0.78 to 1.42)	0.82 (0.55 to 1.22)	0.75 (0.54 to 1.05)	0.79 (0.60 to 1.04)
Multiple-adjusted model^c	1 (Ref.)	1.00 (0.72 to 1.39)	0.93 (0.61 to 1.43)	0.70 (0.48 to 1.00)	0.78 (0.57 to 1.06)
Multiple-adjusted model^d	1 (Ref.)	0.99 (0.71 to 1.37)	0.92 (0.60 to 1.41)	0.68 (0.47 to 0.98)	0.76 (0.56 to 1.04)
	Updated wine consumption^b
Age-adjusted model	1 (Ref.)	0.64 (0.46 to 0.89)	0.86 (0.58 to 1.27)	0.59 (0.43 to 0.82)	0.70 (0.48 to 1.02)
Multiple-adjusted model^c	1 (Ref.)	0.64 (0.46 to 0.89)	0.87 (0.58 to 1.29)	0.57 (0.41 to 0.80)	0.68 (0.46 to 1.01)
Multiple-adjusted model^d	1 (Ref.)	0.63 (0.46 to 0.89)	0.86 (0.58 to 1.28)	0.57 (0.40 to 0.79)	0.66 (0.45 to 0.99)
	Baseline wine consumption (Only wine-drinkers)^a
Cases/Person-years	195/7,777	40/1,454	13/752	25/1,363	26/2,236
Age-adjusted model	1 (Ref.)	1.13 (0.80 to 1.59)	0.79 (0.45 to 1.38)	0.86 (0.56 to 1.30)	0.59 (0.39 to 0.90)
Multiple-adjusted model^c	1 (Ref.)	1.18 (0.81 to 1.72)	0.91 (0.49 to 1.69)	0.81 (0.50 to 1.30)	0.55 (0.35 to 0.87)
	Updated wine consumption (Only wine-drinkers)^b
Age-adjusted model	1 (Ref.)	0.54 (0.34 to 0.87)	0.93 (0.52 to 1.66)	0.58 (0.36 to 0.92)	0.52 (0.24 to 1.14)
Multiple-adjusted model^c	1 (Ref.)	0.55 (0.34 to 0.87)	0.93 (0.52 to 1.66)	0.57 (0.36 to 0.92)	0.52 (0.23 to 1.18)

^aHazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident depression according to categories of baseline daily alcohol intake.
^bRelative risks (95% confidence intervals) for categories of updated alcohol intake, using repeated measurements of diet during follow-up. To avoid reverse causality bias, an induction period of at least one year, but no longer than two years was assumed. We considered as incident cases of depression those occurring only during the second year of every two-year follow-up interval.
^cAdjusted for age, smoking, physical activity (MET-min/d), total energy intake (Kcal/day), baseline body mass index (kg/m²), marital status, intervention group, recruiting center, educational level and the number of persons living at home.
^dAdding alcohol from sources other than wine to the previous multiple-adjusted model.
The PREDIMED Study 2003 to 2010.

ISSN: 1741-7015