Table 1 Baseline characteristics of cohort participants according to the number of traditional and non-traditional positive health behaviors.
Number of positive health behaviors | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 to 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
N | 91 | 257 | 604 | 1,084 | 1,029 | 400 |
Age, yr | 76.5 ± 8.7 | 75.6 ± 8.9 | 73.2 ± 8.1 | 71.3 ± 7.7 | 70.7 ± 7.5 | 70.1 ± 7.0 |
Educational attainment | ||||||
No education | 60.6 | 61.0 | 58.9 | 49.5 | 48.6 | 45.5 |
Primary | 28.9 | 27.9 | 28.8 | 36.6 | 38.7 | 38.8 |
Secondary or higher | 10.5 | 11.1 | 12.3 | 13.9 | 12.7 | 15.6 |
Occupational status | ||||||
Employed | 10.2 | 15.1 | 11.9 | 10.8 | 10.4 | 10.1 |
Unemployed | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
Retired | 88.3 | 82.8 | 85.8 | 85.2 | 86.6 | 88.2 |
Househusband/housewife | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 1.3 |
Alcohol intake, g/d | 26.8 ± 71.9 | 17.8 ± 36.2 | 19.0 ± 43.6 | 15.3 ± 40.0 | 11.3 ± 28.5 | 9.8 ± 23.9 |
Former drinking | 24.5 | 23.6 | 13.6 | 12.7 | 7.4 | 9.7 |
Extreme sleep durations a | 5.5 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.1 ± 5.1 | 28.6 ± 5.2 | 28.9 ± 4.9 | 28.9 ± 4.2 | 28.9 ± 4.5 | 28.8 ± 4.0 |
Waist circumference, cm | 98.9 ± 11.8 | 99.6 ± 12.7 | 100.2 ± 14.0 | 99.2 ± 11.3 | 97.9 ± 11.3 | 98.0 ± 11.6 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 145.4 ± 21.7 | 145.5 ± 21.9 | 144.7 ± 20.4 | 142.8 ± 18.7 | 142.1 ± 18.6 | 143.4 ± 18.5 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 12.6 | 25.6 | 24.8 | 25.0 | 25.9 | 27.1 |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Coronary heart disease | 10.5 | 8.7 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 1.8 |
Stroke | 9.6 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 3.9 |
Diabetes mellitus | 19.0 | 17.9 | 15.5 | 14.3 | 14.4 | 13.3 |
Hip fracture | 8.3 | 4.6 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 0.4 |
Cancer | 1.6 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 |