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Table 4 CSMFs by rural or urban residence at ages 5 to 69 years

From: Performance criteria for verbal autopsy-based systems to estimate national causes of death: development and application to the Indian Million Death Study

 

Rural

Urban

Rank order

OR: urban versus rurala(95% CI)

Disease

Number

%

Number

%

Rural

Urban

Communicable

        

Malaria

1,857

3.6

237

2.1

11

16

0.8

(0.7 to 0.9)

Tuberculosis

4,870

9.4

844

7.5

3

5

1.0

(0.9 to 1.1)

HIV/STI

365

0.7

74

0.7

18

18

0.9

(0.7 to 1.1)

Other infectious diseasesb

7,312

14.1

990

8.8

1

3

0.8

(0.7 to 0.8)

Maternal conditions

947

1.8

104

0.9

16

17

0.6

(0.5 to 0.8)

Nutritional conditions

345

0.7

42

0.4

19

19

0.8

(0.6 to 1.1)

Non communicable

        

Cancer

4,312

8.3

1,199

10.6

5

2

1.1

(1.0 to 1.2)

Ischemic heart disease

5,509

10.6

2,048

18.1

2

1

1.4

(1.3 to 1.5)

Stroke (cerebrovascular disease)

3,579

6.9

947

8.4

7

4

1.0

(1.0 to 1.1)

Other CVDc

1,270

2.4

372

3.3

14

13

1.1

(1.0 to 1.2)

Chronic resp. disease

4,709

9.1

785

6.9

4

6

0.9

(0.8 to 0.9)

Liver cirrhosis

1,857

3.6

606

5.4

11T

8

1.4

(1.3 to 1.6)

Other digestive diseases

1,226

2.4

188

1.7

15

9

0.7

(0.6 to 0.8)

Renal and other endocrine diseases

896

1.7

311

2.8

17

15

1.3

(1.1 to 1.4)

Other chronic diseases

2,423

4.7

603

5.3

9

10

1.1

(1.0 to 1.3)

Injuries

        

Road traffic accidents

1,559

3.0

518

4.6

13

11

1.1

(0.9 to 1.3)

Suicides

2,280

4.4

367

3.2

10

14

0.7

(0.6 to 0.8)

Other injuries

3,659

7.1

626

5.5

6

7

0.9

(0.8 to 1.0)

Ill-defined

2,866

5.5

440

3.9

8

12

0.8

(0.7 to 1.0)

Total

51,841

100

11,301

100

    
  1. aAdjusted for age, sex, religion (Hindu versus not), education (illiterate versus not), state (poorer nine states versus remaining states), and home/hospital death; brespiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, vaccine-preventable diseases, meningitis, encephalitis, tropical diseases, acute bacterial sepsis and severe infections, and other infectious and parasitic diseases; crheumatic and hypertensive heart disease, heart failure, and other cardiovascular diseases. CI, confidence interval; CSMFs, cause specific mortality fractions; CVD, cardiovascular disease; MDS, Million Death Study; OR, odds ratio; STI, sexually-transmitted infections.