From: Trace elements in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Element | Number of cohortsb | Number of hemodialysis participants and control participants | Pooleda SMD | I2, % | Range of SMDs | Number of studies significantly favouring lower concentrations in hemodialysis participants | Number of studies significantly favouring lower concentrations in control participants | Number of studies with non-significant findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arsenic | 3 | 110/54 | - | 96 | (-1.23, 1.77) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Boron | 4 | 69/494 | - | 96 | (-5.21, 2.96) | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Cadmium | 6 | 722/968 | 2.07 | 98 | (-1.01, 7.7) | 1 | 5c | 0 |
Chromium | 11 | 330/635 | 0.84 | 95 | (-0.66, 5.14) | 0 | 6c | 5 |
Cobalt | 1 | 7/9 | - | - | - | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Copper | 42 | 1712/1444 | 0.52 | 93 | (-1.74, 5.28) | 6 | 16c | 20 |
Fluorine | 1 | 7/8 | - | - | - | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Lead | 14 | 1217/1751 | 0.11 | 96 | (-2.89, 1.73) | 4 | 5c | 5 |
Manganese | 8 | 399/522 | -0.7 | 96 | (-3.96, 0.29) | 4c | 0 | 4 |
Mercury | 2 | 607/264 | - | 99 | (-0.94, 0.49) | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Molybdenum | 1 | 14/59 | - | - | - | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Nickel | 9 | 369/323 | - | 99 | (-3.96, 4.67) | 3 | 6 | 0 |
Selenium | 46 | 1496/1443 | -1.50 | 91 | (-9.16, 1.97) | 37c | 1 | 8 |
Vanadium | 5 | 112/137 | 3.07 | 87 | (1.18, 6.28) | 0 | 5c | 0 |
Zinc | 74 | 2515/2699 | -1.61 | 95 | (-8.99, 3.24) | 56c | 5 | 13 |