Reference | First author | Year | Country | Language | Study duration, days | Intervention duration, days | Study design | Study groups | Number of participants | Participants | Gender | Age, years | Body part | Training task | Focus | Measurement events | Results | Quality rating | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relative change | Absolute change | ||||||||||||||||||
[84] | Bovend'Eerdt, TJH | 2009 | UK | E | 999 | 56 | RCT | 2 | 11 | Stroke, MS, TBI | Both | Mean ± SD = 50 ± 14 | Whole body | Muscle stretching | M | 2 (pre-post-test) | → | → | 7/10 |
[58] | Bovend'Eerdt, TJH | 2010 | UK | E | 126 | 35 | RCT | 2 | 30 | Stroke, TBI, MS | Both | Mean ± SD = 50 ± 14 | Lower limb | ADL tasks | M | 3 (pre-post-test, FU) | → | ↗ | 8/10 |
[101] | Cramer, SC | 2007 | USA | E | 9 | 7 | CS | N/A | 20 | SCI | NSt | Mean ± SD = 31 ± 4 | Tongue, foot | Tapping | M | 2 (pre-post-test) | N/A | ↗ | 9/11 |
[102] | Crosbie, J | 2004 | UK | E | 35 | 14 | SCRD | N/A | 10 | Stroke | Both | Range 45 to 81 | Upper limb | Reaching, grasping | M | 10 (BL, during int., FU) | N/A | ↗ | 10/11 |
[59] | Dickstein, R | 2004 | IL | E | 42 | 42 | SCRD | N/A | 1 | Stroke | Male | 69 | Lower limb | Walking | M | 5 (BL, midterm, post-test, FU) | N/A | ↗ | 9/11 |
[103] | Dijkerman, R | 2004 | UK | E | 28 | 28 | CCT | 3 | 20 | Stroke | Both | Mean ± SD = 64 ± 9 | Upper limb | Reaching, grasping | M | 2 (pre-post-test) | ↗ | ↗ | 5/10 |
[104] | Dunsky, A | 2006 | IL | E | 77 | 42 | SCRD | N/A | 4 | Stroke | Male | Mean = 58, (64, 57, 63, 47) | Lower limb | Walking | M | 5 (BL, midterm, post-test, FU) | N/A | ↗ | 9/11 |
[105] | Dunsky, A | 2008 | IL | E | 77 | 21 | CS | N/A | 17 | Stroke | Both | Mean = 58 | Lower limb | Walking | M | 6 (BL, pre-test, during int., post-test, FU) | N/A | ↗ | 11/11 |
[38] | Guillot, A | 2009 | FR | E | 14 | 999 | RCT | 2 | 14 | hand burn | Both | Mean ± SD = 47 ± 14, range 27 to 74 | Upper limb | Wrist + finger movements | M | ≈ 6 (pre-test, during int., post-test) | ↗ | ↗ | 7/10 |
[106] | Gustin, SM | 2008 | AU | E | 15 | 7 | CS | N/A | 15 | SCI | Male | Mean = 47, range 26 to 67 | Lower limb | Plantarflexion, dorsiflexion | M | 2 (pre-post-test) | N/A | ↘ | 8/11 |
[107] | Hewett, T | 2007 | USA | E | 56 | 42 | SCRD | N/A | 5 | Stroke | Both | Mean = 53 ± 5, range 38 to 76 | Upper limb | Reaching, grasping | M | 2 (pre-post-test) | N/A | ↗ | 7/11 |
[108] | Jackson, PL | 2004 | CA | E | 35 | 21 | SCRD | N/A | 1 | Hemorrhage- related lesion | Male | 38 | Lower limb | Foot serial response time task | M | 2 (pre-post-test) | N/A | ↗ | 8/11 |
[109] | Liu, K | 2004 | HK | E | 21 | 21 | RCT | 2 | 46 | Stroke | Both | Mean = 72 | Whole body | ADL tasks | M | 3 (pre-post-test, FU) | ↗ | ↗ | 7/10 |
[110] | Liu, K | 2004 | HK | E | 49 | 14 | SCRD | N/A | 2 | Stroke | Both | 65, 66 | Whole body | ADL tasks | M | 3 (pre-post-test, FU) | N/A | ↗ | 7/11 |
[111] | Liu, KPY | 2009 | HK | E | 999 | 2 | RCT | 2 | 33 | Stroke | Both | Mean = 70 ± 8 | Whole body | ADL tasks | M | 2 (pre-post-test) | ↗ | ↗ | 8/10 |
[62] | Malouin, F | 2004 | CA | E | 2 | 1 | CS | N/A | 12 | Stroke | Both | Mean = 53 ± 12 | Lower limb | Symmetrical load standing up + sitting down | M | 3 (pre-post-test, FU) | N/A | ↗ | 9/11 |
[63] | Malouin, F | 2009 | CA | E | 42 | 21 | RCT | 3 | 12 | Stroke | Both | Mean = 61 ± 8, range 53 to 75 | Lower limb | Symmetrical load standing up + sitting down | M | 3 (pre-post-test, FU) | ↗ | ↗ | 8/10 |
[112] | McCarthy, M | 2002 | UK | E | 999 | 999 | SCRD | N/A | 2 | CVA, TBI | Male | 64, 36 | Neglect | M | 3 (pre-test, during int., post-test) | N/A | ↗ | 9/11 | |
[113] | Moseley, GL | 2004 | AU | E | 210 | 14 | RCT | 2 | 13 | CRPS1 after wrist fracture | Both | Mean ± SD = 37 ± 15 | Upper limb | Hand + finger movements | M | 5 (pre-test, during int., post-test, FU) | ↗ | ↗ | 7/10 |
[114] | Moseley, GL | 2005 | AU | E | 126 | 14 | RCT | 3 | 20 | CRPS1 after wrist fracture | Both | Mean = 34 ± 8 | Upper limb | Hand + finger movements | M | 5 (pre-test, during int., post-test, FU) | ↗ | ↗ | 7/10 |
[47] | Moseley, GL | 2006 | AU | E | 84 | 14 | RCT | 2 | 51 | Phantom limb, CRPS1 | Both | 37 | Upper limb | Hand + finger movements | M | 3 (pre-post-test, FU) | ↗ | ↗ | 7/10 |
[86] | Moseley, GL | 2008 | Western Europe + AU | E | 1 | 1 | CCT | 2 | 37 | CRPS1, no-CRPS1 pain | Both | Mean ± SD = 41 ± 14 | Upper limb | Hand + finger movements | M | 2 (pre-post-test) | → | ↘ | 5/10 |
[115] | Mueller, K | 2007 | DE | E | 98 | 28 | RCT | 3 | 17 | Stroke | Both | Mean ± SD = 62 ± 10 | Upper limb | Finger+hand movements | M | 8 (BL, during int., post-test, FU) | → | ↗ | 6/10 |
[116] | Page, SJ | 2000 | USA | E | 28 | 28 | RCT | 2 | 16 | Stroke | Male | Mean = 63 | Upper limb | Weightbearing + functional task | M | 2 (pre-post-test) | ↗ | ↗ | 7/10 |
[65] | Page, SJ | 2001 | USA | E | 56 | 42 | SCRD | N/A | 1 | Stroke | Male | 56 | Upper limb | Whole arm movements | M | 3 (BL, post-test) | N/A | ↗ | 7/11 |
[64] | Page, SJ | 2001 | USA | E | 56 | 42 | RCT | 2 | 13 | Stroke | Both | Mean ± SD = 65, range 64 to 79 | Upper limb | Whole arm movements | M | 3 (BL, post-test) | ↗ | ↗ | 7/10 |
[117] | Page, SJ | 2005 | USA | E | 56 | 42 | RCT | 2 | 11 | Stroke | Both | Mean = 62 ± 5, range 53 to 71 | Upper limb | Hand ADL tasks | M | 3 (BL, post-test) | ↗ | ↗ | 8/10 |
[118] | Page, SJ | 2007 | USA | E | 999 | 72 | CS | N/A | 4 | Stroke | Both | Mean = 63, range 49 to 73 | Upper limb | Hand ADL tasks | M | 2 (pre-post-test) | N/A | ↗ | 10/11 |
[119] | Page, SJ | 2007 | USA | E | 63 | 42 | RCT | 2 | 32 | Stroke | NSt | Mean ± SD = 60 ± 14 | Upper limb | Hand ADL tasks | M | 3 (BL, post-test) | ↗ | ↗ | 8/10 |
[120] | Page, SJ | 2009 | USA | E | 91 | 70 | CS | N/A | 10 | Stroke | Both | Mean = 57 ± 12, range 37 to 69 | Upper limb | Whole arm ADL tasks | M | 3 (BL, post-test) | N/A | ↗ | 9/11 |
[121] | Page, SJ | 2009 | USA | E | 168 | 70 | RCT | 2 | 10 | Stroke | Both | Mean ± SD = 61 ± 3, range 48 to 79 | Upper limb | Whole arm ADL tasks | M | 4 (BL, post-test, FU) | ↗ | ↗ | 8/10 |
[122] | Riccio, I | 2010 | IT | E | 42 | 21 | RCT | 2 | 36 | Stroke | Both | Mean = 60 ± 12 | Upper limb | Whole arm ADL tasks | M | 3 (pre-test, first + second study part) | ↗ | ↗ | 8/10 |
[123] | Simmons, L | 2008 | UK | E | 999 | 10 | CS | CS | 10 | Stroke | Both | Mean = 68 ± 14 | Upper limb | Whole arm movements | M | 3 (pre-post-test, FU) | N/A | ↗ | 7/11 |
[66] | Stenekes, MW | 2009 | NL | E | 84 | 42 | RCT | 2 | 25 | Surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome | Both | Mean ± SD = 34 ± 11 | Upper limb | Passive bending + straightening wrist + fingers | M | 3 (pre-post-test, FU) | ↗ | ↗ | 7/10 |
[124] | Stevens, JA | 2003 | USA | E | 128 | 28 | SCRD | N/A | 2 | Stroke | Both | 76; 63 | Upper limb | Wrist movements, object manipulation | M | 4 (pre-test, during int., post-test, FU) | N/A | ↗ | 7/11 |
[125] | Tamir, R | 2007 | IL | E | 84 | 84 | RCT | 2 | 23 | Parkinson disease | Both | Mean ± SD = 67 ± 10 | Whole body | ADL tasks | M | 2 (pre-post-test) | ↗ | ↗ | 7/10 |
[126] | Yoo, EY | 2006 | KR | E | 10 | 999 | SCRD | N/A | 3 | Stroke | Male | Mean = 57, (46, 70, 56) | Lower limb | Symmetrical weightbearing | M | 21 (BL, during int., post-test, FU) | N/A | ↗ | 9/11 |