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Table 2 Temporal change in antibody titers among the three groups of children

From: Multiple clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a low transmission intensity setting: exposure versus immunity

Antigen

Group of children

Coefficient (95% CI)

  

Unadjusted

Adjusted a

Adjusted b

Adjusted c

MSP-119

Malaria-free

Reference group

-

-

-

 

Single-episode

−2.00 (−11.27 – 7.27)

−2.68 (−12.03 – 6.74)

−1.93 (−10.32 – 6.46)

−2.58 (−11.10 – 5.93)

 

Multiple-episodes

−2.54 (−11.37 – 6.28)

−2.54 (−12.91 – 5.59)

−3.82 (−11.85 – 4.20)

−4.93 (−13.34 – 3.49)

 

Single-episode versus Multiple-episodes

0.54 (−5.88 – 6.96)

0.99 (−5.52 – 7.50)

1.89 (−4.02 – 7.80)

2.35 (−4.02 – 7.80)

MSP-2_Dd2

Malaria-free

Reference group

-

-

-

 

Single-episode

0.43 (−5.01 - 5.86)

0.29 (−5.27 - 5.864)

0.24 (−4.28 - 5.66)

0.19 (−5.17 - 5.55)

 

Multiple-episodes

1.90 (−3.01 – 7.35)

1.90 (−3.55 – 7.36)

1.33 (−3.69 – 6.36)

0.94 (−4.34 – 6.23)

 

Single-episode versus Multiple-episodes

−1.74 (−5.53– 2.06)

−1.62 (−5.50– 2.26)

−0.93 (−4.65– 2.79)

−0.75 (−4.55– 3.05)

MSP-2_CH150/9

Malaria-free

Reference group

   
 

Single-episode

0.24 (−9.37 - 9.86)

0.35 (−10.21 - 9.50)

0.41 (−8.77 - 9.59)

0.34 (−9.72 - 9.05)

 

Multiple-episodes

6.75 (−2.39 – 15.89)

5.83 (−3.87– 15.53)

3.87 (−4.91– 12.66)

2.68 (−6.62– 11.99)

 

Single-episode versus Multiple-episodes

−6.51 (−13.00– 0.02)

−6.18 (−12.79– 0.43)

−3.46 (−12.79– 0.43)

−3.02 (−9.47– 3.42)

MSP-3_3D7

Malaria-free

Reference group

-

-

-

 

Single-episode

−2.42 (−7.17 - 2.31)

−2.23 (−7.10- 2.63)

−2.37 (−7.04- 2.30)

−2.37 (−7.03- 2.55)

 

Multiple-episodes

−0.50 (−5.02 – 4.02)

−0.20 (−4.98 – 4.57)

−1.20 (−5.67 – 3.26)

−0.99 (−5.72 – 3.72)

 

Single-episode versus Multiple-episodes

−1.93 (−5.24 – 1.38)

−2.03 (−5.43 – 1.37)

−1.17 (−4.48 – 2.15)

−1.24 (−4.64 – 2.17)

AMA-1_FVO

Malaria-free

Reference group

-

-

-

 

Single-episode

−3.71 (−12.55 - 5.14)

−4.32 (−13.32 – 4.68)

−3.64 (−12.48 – 5.20)

−3.76 (−13.24 – 4.72)

 

Multiple-episodes

3.87 (−5.54 – 12.30)

2.87 (−5.97 – 11.71)

3.10 (−5.35 – 11.56)

3.10 (−6.82– 10.94)

 

Single-episode versus Multiple-episodes

−7.59 (−13.71 – -1.47)*

−7.19 (−13.40 – -0.98)*

−6.75 (−12.97 – -0.52)*

−6.32 (−12.64 – -0.01)*

AMA-1_3D7

Malaria-free

Reference group

   
 

Single-episode

−2.83 (−10.37 - 4.71)

−3.43 (−11.09 - 4.23)

−2.79 (−10.30 - 4.72)

−3.37 (−10.99 - 4.25)

 

Multiple-episodes

3.17 (−4.02 – 10.35)

2.17 (−5.36 – 9.70)

2.83 (−4.34 – 10.01)

1.85 (−5.68 – 9.38)

 

Single-episode versus Multiple-episodes

−5.99 (−11.22 – 0.77)*

−5.60 (−10.90 – -0.31)*

−5.63 (−10.92 – -0.33)*

−5.22 (−10.60 – 1.52)

PfRh2

Malaria-free

Reference group

-

-

-

 

Single-episode

−5.50 (−13.21 - 2.27)

−5.79 (−13.71 - 2.12)

−5.42 (−13.22 - 2.38)

−5.77 (−13.74 - 2.19)

 

Multiple-episodes

−1.72 (−9.09 – 5.64)

−2.25 (−10.03 – 5.54)

−1.99 (−9.44 – 5.48)

−2.57 (−10.46 – 5.32)

 

Single-episode versus Multiple-episodes

−3.74 (−9.03 – 1.54)

−3.55 (−8.92 – 1.83)

−3.44 (−8.86 – 1.99)

−3.21 (−8.73 – 2.32)

  1. aAdjusted for sickle cell trait (hemoglobin AS). bAdjusted for whether a child was parasitemic or aparasitemic by microscopy at each of the six cross-sectional surveys. cAdjusted for sickle cell trait and whether a child was parasitemic or aparasitemic by microscopy at each of the six cross-sectional surveys. The coefficients indicate differences in the rates of change of antibody titers comparing the single- and multiple-episodes groups to the malaria-free group. Antibodies to AMA1_FVO increased significantly over five years when comparing the multiple- to the single-episode group. For all other antigens, the rates of change in antibody titers were not significant during this period. CI, confidence interval. *P < 0.05.
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BMC Medicine

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