Characteristic | Case subjects (N = 139) | Matched control subjects (N = 139)a | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Men (%) | 70.5 | 70.5 | –e |
Age at blood collection (y), mean (SD) | 60.0 (7.3) | 60.0 (7.3) | –e |
Follow-up from blood collection (y), mean (SD) | 6.0 (3.4) | -- | – |
Smoking status (%) | 0.002 | ||
Never smoker | 29.7 | 43.5 | |
Former smoker | 30.4 | 36.2 | |
Current smoker | 39.1 | 19.6 | |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.4 (4.7) | 27.3 (4.2) | 0.035 |
Physical activity (%) | 0.652 | ||
Inactive | 7.3 | 10.9 | |
Moderately inactive | 36.2 | 31.2 | |
Moderately active | 46.4 | 48.6 | |
Active | 10.1 | 9.4 | |
No. with prevalent diabetes (%) | 13.0 | 7.3 | 0.455 |
HBV or HCV positive (%)b | 35.6 | 3.0 | <0.001 |
HBV positive (%)b | 16.8 | 2.0 | <0.001 |
HCV positive (%)b | 21.8 | 2.0 | <0.001 |
Liver damage score (%)b | |||
0 | 29.0 | 83.2 | <0.001 |
1–2 | 31.0 | 16.8 | |
≥3 | 40.0 | 0 | |
Baseline blood biomarkers, mean (SD) | |||
Anti-LPS IgG + IgA | 4.27 (1.38) | 3.64 (1.32) | <0.001 |
Anti-flagellin IgG + IgA | 3.81 (1.34) | 3.22 (1.17) | <0.001 |
Anti-LPS IgG + anti-flagellin IgG | 3.62 (1.31) | 3.19 (1.19) | 0.005 |
Anti-LPS IgA + anti-flagellin IgA | 4.46 (1.57) | 3.67 (1.40) | <0.001 |
Anti-LPS IgG + IgA + anti-flagellin IgG + IgA | 8.08 (2.59) | 6.86 (2.34) | <0.001 |
Fischer's ratioc | 1.33 (0.26) | 1.53 (0.24) | <0.001 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L)d | 2.8 (3.0) | 2.0 (2.2) | 0.006 |