From: Resisting and tolerating P. falciparum in pregnancy under different malaria transmission intensities
HIV-uninfected | HIV-infected | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benin | Gabon | Mozambique | P | Kenya | Mozambique | P | |
Periphery at delivery | |||||||
Smear, n (%) | |||||||
Negative | 320 (92) | 245 (96) | 333 (98) | 0.002a | 332 (95) | 408 (98) | 0.025a |
Positive | 27 (8) | 11 (4) | 7 (2) | 17 (5) | 8 (2) | ||
qPCR, n (%) | |||||||
Negative | 242 (69) | 235 (91) | 325 (96) | <0.001a | 326 (93) | 405 (97) | 0.007a |
Positive | 107 (31) | 22 (9) | 15 (4) | 25 (7) | 12 (3) | ||
qPCR parasites/μL, GM (SD) | 280.5 (882.9) | 684.2 (1703.2) | 514.4 (1630.6) | 0.484 | 141.4 (329.1) | 3350.9 (9887.2) | 0.003 |
Placenta | |||||||
Smear, n (%) | |||||||
Negative | 322 (93) | 244 (96) | 332 (98) | 0.018a | 335 (95) | 406 (98) | 0.032a |
Positive | 23 (7) | 9 (4) | 8 (2) | 16 (5) | 7 (2) | ||
Histology, n (%) | |||||||
Acute | 8 (2) | 5 (2) | 1 (0) | <0.001 | 6 (2) | 4 (1) | <0.001 |
Chronic | 23 (7) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 5 (1) | 1 (0) | ||
Past | 37 (11) | 28 (11) | 13 (4) | 64 (18) | 14 (3) | ||
No infected | 277 (80) | 218 (86) | 322 (95) | 276 (79) | 387 (95) | ||
qPCR, n (%) | |||||||
Negative | 253 (72) | 235 (91) | 323 (95) | <0.001a | 324 (92) | 407 (98) | 0.001a |
Positive | 96 (28) | 22 (9) | 17 (5) | 27 (8) | 10 (2) | ||
qPCR parasites/μL, GM (SD) | 668.5 (2473.1) | 1284.9 (5100.0) | 1876.2 (5910.5) | 0.609 | 379.5 (1255.4) | 5851.3 (19950.4) | 0.033 |
Maternal microcopy infection,b n (%) | |||||||
Negative | 294 (87) | 239 (95) | 329 (97) | <0.001a | 325 (93) | 396 (98) | 0.002a |
Positive | 45 (13) | 12 (5) | 9 (3) | 24 (7) | 9 (2) | ||
Maternal qPCR infection,b n (%) | |||||||
Negative | 206 (59) | 229 (89) | 319 (94) | <0.001a | 319 (91) | 402 (96) | <0.001a |
Positive | 143 (41) | 28 (11) | 21 (6) | 32 (9) | 15 (4) |