Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included participants
Characteristics | Non-diabetes patients (n = 91,745) | Degree of joint risk factor control (n = 18,535) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 ≤ 1 risk factor (n = 1141) | 2 risk factors (n = 3917) | 3 risk factors (n = 6831) | 4 risk factors (n = 5198) | 5 risk factors (n = 1448) | ||
Age, years, mean (SD) | 58.4 (7.5) | 57.9 (7.5) | 58.4 (7.5) | 58.8 (7.4) | 58.4 (7.7) | 58.4 (7.6) |
Female, n (%) | 36,717 (40) | 367 (32.2) | 1428 (36.5) | 2835 (41.5) | 2185 (42) | 555 (38.3) |
Ethnic background, n (%) | ||||||
 Other | 7427 (8.1) | 188 (16.5) | 482 (12.3) | 765 (11.2) | 631 (12.1) | 170 (11.7) |
 White | 83,810 (91.4) | 944 (82.7) | 3414 (87.2) | 6041 (88.4) | 4540 (87.3) | 1263 (87.2) |
Townsend deprivation index, mean (SD) |  − 1.5 (3) | 0.3 (3.5) |  − 0.4 (3.3) |  − 0.7 (3.4) |  − 0.7 (3.4) |  − 0.6 (3.4) |
BMI, kg/m, n (%) | ||||||
 < 25 | 29,384 (32) | 98 (8.6) | 348 (8.9) | 761 (11.1) | 775 (14.9) | 242 (16.7) |
 25– < 30 | 41,742 (45.5) | 363 (31.8) | 1234 (31.5) | 2415 (35.4) | 1892 (36.4) | 514 (35.5) |
 ≥ 30 | 20,107 (21.9) | 668 (58.6) | 2304 (58.8) | 3611 (52.9) | 2503 (48.2) | 685 (47.3) |
Alcohol intake, times/week, n (%) | ||||||
 < 3 | 47,655 (51.9) | 814 (71.3) | 2676 (68.3) | 4567 (66.9) | 3573 (68.7) | 1044 (72.1) |
 ≥ 3 | 43,843 (47.8) | 326 (28.6) | 1234 (31.5) | 2251 (33) | 1619 (31.2) | 403 (27.8) |
Healthy diet score, n (%) | ||||||
 < 3 | 30,609 (33.4) | 457 (40.1) | 1453 (37.1) | 2301 (33.7) | 1652 (31.8) | 451 (31.2) |
 ≥ 3 | 57,103 (62.2) | 583 (51.1) | 2188 (55.9) | 4107 (60.1) | 3244 (62.4) | 920 (63.5) |
Physical activity, min/week, n (%) | ||||||
 < 150 | 22,417 (24.4) | 289 (25.3) | 1066 (27.2) | 1708 (25) | 1436 (27.6) | 384 (26.5) |
 ≥ 150 | 51,175 (55.8) | 460 (40.3) | 1653 (42.2) | 3111 (45.5) | 2334 (44.9) | 695 (48) |
Diabetes duration, years, n (%) | ||||||
 < 5 | 91,745 (100) | 261 (22.9) | 1121 (28.6) | 2564 (37.5) | 2129 (41) | 673 (46.5) |
5– < 10 | 0 (0) | 226 (19.8) | 862 (22) | 1479 (21.7) | 1281 (24.6) | 389 (26.9) |
 ≥ 10 | 0 (0) | 348 (30.5) | 991 (25.3) | 1582 (23.2) | 1130 (21.7) | 314 (21.7) |
Diabetes medication use, n (%) | ||||||
 None | 0 (0) | 439 (38.5) | 1624 (41.5) | 3097 (45.3) | 2158 (41.5) | 448 (30.9) |
 Only insulin | 0 (0) | 141 (12.4) | 440 (11.2) | 644 (9.4) | 439 (8.5) | 96 (6.6) |
 Only oral medication | 0 (0) | 429 (37.6) | 1509 (38.5) | 2616 (38.3) | 2286 (44) | 824 (56.9) |
 Insulin and oral medications | 0 (0) | 132 (11.6) | 344 (8.8) | 474 (6.9) | 315 (6.1) | 80 (5.5) |
Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 17,302 (18.9) | 600 (52.6) | 2096 (53.5) | 3609 (52.8) | 2776 (53.4) | 808 (55.8) |
Cholesterol-lowering medication, n (%) | 12,428 (13.6) | 637 (55.8) | 2218 (56.6) | 3962 (58) | 3522 (67.8) | 1200 (82.9) |
Number of medications, mean (SD) | 2.1 (2.3) | 4.7 (3.5) | 4.8 (3.3) | 4.8 (3.1) | 5 (3.2) | 5.4 (3) |
Number of operations, mean (SD) | 1.6 (1.4) | 1.6 (1.4) | 1.7 (1.6) | 1.7 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.6) | 1.7 (1.6) |
Diabetes type, n (%) | ||||||
 Type 1 diabetes | 0 (0) | 130 (11.4) | 323 (8.3) | 492 (7.2) | 326 (6.3) | 70 (4.8) |
 Type 2 diabetes | 0 (0) | 1008 (88.3) | 3540 (90.4) | 5977 (87.5) | 4487 (86.3) | 1321 (91.2) |
Obesity, n (%) | ||||||
 No | 71,126 (77.5) | 461 (40.4) | 1582 (40.4) | 3176 (46.5) | 2667 (51.3) | 756 (52.2) |
 Yes | 20,107 (21.9) | 668 (58.6) | 2304 (58.8) | 3611 (52.9) | 2503 (48.2) | 685 (47.3) |