Table 3 Characteristics of the included systematic reviews reporting the association of autoimmune conditions and adverse pregnancy outcomes
From: Autoimmune diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes: an umbrella review
Exposure | Author and year | Outcomes | Number of included primary studies | Quality assessment AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Axial spondyloarthropathy | Maguire 2020 | Pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, caesarean section, small for gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, low birth weight | 18 | Moderate |
Coeliac disease | Saccone 2016 | Small for gestational age, low birth weight | 10 | Low |
Tersigni 2014 | Recurrent miscarriage, small for gestational age | 24 | Low | |
Arvanitakis 2022 | Miscarriage, pre-eclampsia caesarean section, postpartum haemorrhage, stillbirth, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth | 18 | Moderate | |
Inflammatory bowel disease | Cornish 2007 | Caesarean section, small for gestational age, stillbirth, preterm birth | 13 | Moderate |
O’Toole 2015 | Caesarean section, small for gestational age, preterm birth, low birth weight | 23 | Moderate | |
Leung 2021 | Preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight | 72 | Moderate | |
Talavera 2021 | Ectopic pregnancy | 5 | Moderate | |
Tandon 2020 | Ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, caesarean section, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, placenta previa, placental abruption, termination of pregnancy | 53 | Moderate | |
Rheumatoid arthritis | Jiamin 2023 | Miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, caesarean section, small for gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth | 41 | Moderate |
Multiple sclerosis | Arafa 2021 | Pre-eclampsia | 8 | Moderate |
*Modrego 2021 | Preterm birth, low birth weight | 17 | Low | |
Myasthenia gravis | *Banner 2021 | Caesarean section, preterm birth | 32 | Low |
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis | Xie 2021 | Psoriasis—pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, caesarean section, small for gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, low birth weight antepartum and postpartum haemorrhage, neonatal mortality Psoriatic arthritis—ectopic pregnancy, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, caesarean section, preterm birth | 16 | Moderate |
Sjögren’s syndrome | Upala 2015 | Miscarriage, preterm birth, stillbirth, small for gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, foetal loss | 7 | Moderate |
Geng 2022 | Miscarriage, preterm birth, low birth weight | 9 | Moderate | |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | Bundhun 2017 | Ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, caesarean section, low birth weight, small for gestational age, preterm birth | 11 | Low |
Dong 2020 | Pre-eclampsia | 10 | Moderate | |
He W 2020 | Miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, caesarean section, small for gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, foetal loss | 6 | Moderate | |
Wei 2017 | Preterm birth | 24 | Moderate | |
Systemic sclerosis | Blagojevic 2020 | Miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, low birth weight | 16 | Low |
Thyroid autoimmunity (both thyroid peroxidase antibody, and thyroglobulin antibody) | Chen 2011 | Miscarriage | 22 | Low |
HeX 2012 | Preterm birth | 11 | Moderate | |
Li M 2016 | Preterm birth | 18 | Low | |
Lou 2020 | Gestational diabetes mellitus | 44 | Low | |
Dong 2020 | Recurrent miscarriage, miscarriage | 17 | Low | |
Thyroid peroxidase antibody | Korevaar 2020 | Preterm birth | 19 | Moderate |
Milandi 2020 | Postpartum depression | 5 | Low | |
Thangaratinam 2011 | Miscarriage, preterm birth | 36 | Moderate | |
Tong 2016 | Intrauterine growth restriction, small for gestational age, low birth weight | 7 | Moderate | |
Zhang, 2016 | Adverse obstetric outcomes, miscarriage, preterm birth, gestational hypertension, placental abruption, intrauterine growth restriction | 7 | Low | |
Type 1 diabetes mellitus | Yu 2017 | Pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, gestational hypertension, caesarean section, small for gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, low birth weight | 100 | Low |