Study | Dataset | Patients | Typically developing controls | Methods | Summary findings | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number (male) | Mean age (SD), years | Mean IQ (SD) | Comorbidity | Medication status (%)a | Number (male) | Mean age (SD), years | Mean IQ (SD) | Preprocessing | Statistical threshold | Field strength | |||
ASD studies | |||||||||||||
Raznahan et al. (2013) [30] | 66 (66) | 3.8 (1.0) | NA | NA | NA | 29 (29) | 3.8 (1.1) | NA | CIVET | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 1.5 T | ASD > TDC: L SFG, superior temporal sulcus; R SFG, MFG, superior temporal sulcus, rostral intraparietal sulcus | |
Duerden et al. (2013) [31] | 33 (29) | 10.7 (2.5) | 104.0 (18.3) | NA | Medication-free | 30 (26) | 10.7 (2.5) | 113.6 (13.7) | CIVET | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 1.5 T | - | |
Schaer et al. (2013) [32] | 11 (8) | 12.9 (2.7) | 79.4 (18.1) | NA | NA | 11 (8) | 12.7 (2.7) | 110.5 (13.3) | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 3.0 T | - | |
Dierker et al. (2015) [33] | 34 (28) | 11.4 (1.9) | 111.5 (12.5) | NA | NA | 32 (23) | 11.3 (1.8) | 114.9 (11.3) | Freesurfer | p < 0.025 (corrected) | 3.0 T | - | |
Foster et al. (2015) [9] | 38 (38) | 12.4 (2.4) | 102.5 (17.0) | Pure | NA | 46 (46) | 12.6 (2.6) | 113.1 (12.0) | CIVET | p < 0.001 (uncorrected) | 3.0 T | ASD > TDC: L IFG; ASD < TDC: R angular gyrus | |
Sussman et al. (2015) [34] | 72 (61) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 138 (116) | NA | NA | CIVET | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 3.0 T | - | |
Yang et al. (2016) [35] | 60 (60) | 8.4 (2.1) | 103.1 (14.5) | NA | NA | 41 (41) | 8.8 (2.3) | 107.0 (15.0) | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 3.0 T | - | |
Tanigawa et al. (2018) [36] | 16 (16) | 13.4 (1.1) | 112.7 (13.8) | Pure | NA | 17 (17) | 13.4 (1.2) | 118.4 (15.0) | Freesurfer | p < 0.01 (corrected) | 3.0 T | - | |
Kohli et al. (2019) [37] | Data from SDSU | 64 (52) | 13.3 (2.7) | 106.7 (16.9) | NA | NA | 64 (55) | 13.5 (3.0) | 106.5 (14.1) | Freesurfer | p < 0.01 (corrected) | 3.0 T | ASD < TDC: R insula |
Data from NYU | 31 (31) | 11.4 (2.8) | 103.2 (10.1) | NA | NA | 31 (31) | 11.8 (2.6) | 110.5 (11.9) | Freesurfer | p < 0.01 (corrected) | 3.0 T | - | |
Yin et al. (2022) [38] | Data from SI | 18 (12) | 12.0 (3.5) | 99.9 (18.8) | ADHD, anxiety disorder | NA | 18 (12) | 12.7 (NA) | NA | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 1.5 T | - |
Data from RU | 15 (12) | 12.7 (4.6) | 100.9 (14.4) | ADHD, anxiety disorder | NA | 15 (8) | 10.9 (NA) | NA | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 3.0 T | - | |
ADHD studies | |||||||||||||
Qiu et al. (2011) [39] | 15 (15) | 12.7 (1.8) | NA | Pure | Medication-free | 15 (15) | 13.2 (1.7) | NA | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (uncorrected) | 3.0 T | ADHD < TDC: R frontal lobe, L frontal lobe, R cingulate cortex | |
de Zeeuw et al. (2012) [40] | 99 (87) | 10.5 (2.0) | 101.6 (16.0) | ODD, CD | Medication-free | 101 (85) | 10.1 (1.8) | 106.0 (12.9) | CLASPb | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 1.5 T | - | |
Hoekzema et al. (2012) [41] | 43 (35) | 11.6 (2.9) | NA | Pure | Medicated (88%) | 41 (28) | 11.2 (3.0) | NA | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 1.5 T | ADHD < TDC: L IPL, lingual gyrus, pre-CG, OFG; R pre-CG, OFG, IPL | |
Saute et al. (2014) [42] | 18 (11) | 12.1 (3.2) | 93.4 (9.2) | Epilepsy | Medicated (39%) | 46 (19) | 13.1 (3.3) | 110.2 (11.2) | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 1.5 T | ADHD < TDC: L SPL, para-CG, insula; R IPL, pars opercularis, SFG | |
Colak et al. (2019) [43] | 13 (13) | 16.0 (1.2) | NA | Pure | Medication-free | 13 (13) | 16.5 (1.3) | NA | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 3.0 T | ADHD < TDC: L caudal MFG, R pre-CG | |
Lu et al. (2019) [44] | 53 (53) | 10.4 (2.1) | 104.0 (5.1) | Pure | Mediation-naïve | 53 (53) | 10.9 (2.3) | 107.6 (6.6) | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 3.0 T | - | |
Vetter et al. (2020) [45] | Pure ADHD | 36 (36) | 13.0 (1.6) | 107.0 (8.0) | Pure | Medication-free | 30 (30) | 13.6 (1.6) | 110.0 (8.0) | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 3.0 T | - |
ADHD + ODD/CD | 26 (26) | 13.0 (1.2) | 106.0 (13.0) | ODD, CD | Medication-free | 30 (30) | 13.6 (1.6) | 110.0 (8.0) | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 3.0 T | ADHD > TDC: R rostral MFG | |
Lee et al. (2021) [46] | 19 (14) | 13.5 (0.9) | 113.8 (11.5) | Pure | Medicated (100%) | 20 (11) | 13.4 (1.2) | 110.7 (15.2) | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 3.0 T | - | |
Sarabin et al. (2023) [47] | 61 (36) | 9.9 (0.7) | NA | behavioral disorder, anxiety disorder | NA | 61 (38) | 10.0 (0.7) | NA | Freesurfer | p < 0.05 (corrected) | 3.0 T | - |