Table 1 Characteristic of the participants
| Â | Discovery cohort | Internal validation cohort | Prospective validation cohort |
|---|---|---|---|
No. of participants | 1546 | 377 | 749 |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease case subjects, n (%) | 867 (56.1) | 126 (33.4) | 266 (35.5) |
Age (years) | 64.9 (5.9) | 65.0 (5.1) | 64.6 (6.1) |
Sex, n (%) | |||
 Female | 1057(68.4) | 277 (73.5) | 523 (69.8) |
 Male | 489 (31.6) | 100 (26.5) | 226 (30.2) |
Marital status, n (%) | |||
 Married | 1326 (85.8) | 335 (88.9) | 640 (85.4) |
 others | 216 (14.0) | 42 (11.1) | 109 (14.6) |
Education, n (%) | |||
 Middle school or less | 419 (27.1) | 87 (23.1) | 208 (27.8) |
 High school or professional college | 706 (45.7) | 175 (46.4) | 339 (45.2) |
 University | 408 (26.4) | 115 (30.5) | 202 (27.0) |
Income (yuan/month/person), n (%) | |||
 ≤ 500 | 323 (20.9) | 83 (22.0) | 9 (1.2) |
 501–1500 | 751 (48.6) | 220 (56.4) | 144 (19.2) |
 1501–3000 | 69 (4.5) | 8 (2.1) | 337 (45.0) |
 > 3000 | 368 (23.8) | 62 (16.4) | 259 (34.6) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.5 ± 3.1 | 23.1 ± 3.0 | 22.3 ± 2.6 |
Waist circumference, cm | 84.8 ± 8.9 | 83.9 ± 8.7 | 81.5 ± 8.3 |
Hip circumference, cm | 91.5 ± 12.1 | 90.6 ± 7.7 | 89.9 ± 15.5 |
Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.5 ± 1.3 | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 1.2 |
TC, mmol/L | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 5.6 ± 1.1 |
LDL, mmol/L | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 3.7 ± 1.0 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 1.4 ± 0.9 |
HDL, mmol/L | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 1.4 ± 0.9 |
Current smoking status, n (%) | 110 (7.1) | 17 (4.5) | 51 (6.8) |
Current tea drinking, n (%) | 833 (53.9) | 198 (52.5) | 388 (51.8) |
Current alcohol drinking, n (%) | 110 (7.1) | 17 (4.5) | 51 (6.8) |
Physical activity, MET | 18.9 (6.9) | 19.3 (7.0) | 19.6 (7.0) |
Total energy intake, kcal/day | 1719.3 ± 581.2 | 1761.7 ± 503.1 | 1715.9 ± 581.2 |
Vegetable intake, g/day | 332.5 ± 166.7 | 327.1 ± 160.4 | 334.1 ± 164.8 |
Fish intake, g/day | 41.4 ± 42.2 | 44.3 ± 57.5 | 43.2 ± 51.9 |
Red and processed meat intake, g/day | 80.3 ± 52.7 | 79.6 ± 43.6 | 82.9 ± 61.1 |
Fruit intake, g/day | 152.7 ± 105.1 | 150.0 ± 107.7 | 151.3 ± 101.0 |
Yogurt intake, g/day (dry weight) | 30.5 ± 46.2 | 29.2 ± 42.8 | 29.9 ± 43.4 |