Fig. 3

Expression profile of THBS1 in the ACLF preclinical rat model. The relative expression levels of Thbs1 were measured by A sequencing analysis and validated by B RT–qPCR analysis using liver tissues from rats at different disease stages (ACLF = 17; LC = 8; NC = 8), *** P < 0.001, Gapdh was used as a reference control gene. C THBS1 levels were measured by ELISA in the serum from rats at different disease stages (ACLF = 20; LC = 10; NC = 10), **** P < 0.0001. D Representative immunoblotting data showing the THBS1 protein expression profile in rat liver tissues at different disease stages; β-actin was used as a loading control. E Representative immunohistochemical staining of THBS1 (black arrow) in liver tissues collected from rats at different disease stages. F, G The frequencies of the top genes appearing in F immune-related and G apoptosis-related biological processes. The color intensity represents the mean expression of genes in ACLF rat hepatic tissues. The size of the squares represents the log2(fold change) of the comparison between ACLF and LC groups. H, I Serum THBS1 was positively correlated with the top key genes related to H immune microenvironment and I apoptotic markers in ACLF rat hepatic tissues