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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with COVID-19

From: Characterization and trajectories of hematological parameters prior to severe COVID-19 based on a large-scale prospective health checkup cohort in western China: a longitudinal study of 13-year follow-up

 

Illness severity

 

Non-severe (n = 956)

Severe (n = 42)

All (n = 998)

P value

Variables

    

Age (years)*

   

 < 0.001

  < 80

950 (99.4%)

36 (85.7%)

986

 

  ≥ 80

6 (0.6%)

6 (14.3%)

12

 

Sex

   

 < 0.001

 Male

525 (54.9%)

35 (83.3%)

560

 

 Female

431 (45.1%)

7 (16.7%)

438

 

Smoking status

   

0.135

 Never

744 (77.8%)

28 (66.7%)

772

 

 Former

17 (1.8%)

1 (2.4%)

18

 

 Often

147 (15.4%)

8 (19%)

155

 

 Occasionally

48 (5%)

5 (11.9%)

53

 

Drinking status

   

0.307

 Never

589 (61.6%)

26 (61.9%)

615

 

 Former

3 (0.3%)

1 (2.4%)

4

 

 Often

66 (6.9%)

2 (4.8%)

68

 

 Occasionally

298 (31.2%)

13 (31%)

311

 

Hypertension

   

 < 0.001

 No hypertension

864 (90.4%)

22 (52.4%)

886

 

 With hypertension

92 (9.6%)

20 (47.6%)

112

 

Diabetes

   

 < 0.001

 No diabetes

919 (96.1%)

34 (81%)

953

 

 With diabetes

37 (3.9%)

8 (19%)

45

 

Continuous variables (median (IQR))

 Red blood cell count (1012/L)

4.89 (4.55–5.23)

4.73 (4.47–5.12)

4.87 (4.55–5.23)

0.060

 Red cell distribution width (SD) (fL)

43.55 (41.40–45.60)

46.95 (45.10–48.65)

43.60 (41.50–45.80)

 < 0.001

 Red cell distribution width (CV) (%)

13.10 (12.60–13.60)

13.75 (13.30–14.30)

13.20 (12.60–13.70)

 < 0.001

 Hematokrit (L/L)

0.45 (0.42–0.48)

0.42 (0.41–0.47)

0.44 (0.41–0.48)

0.838

 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (g/L)

331.0 (324.0–338.0)

329.0 (325.0–334.75)

331.0 (324.0–338.0)

0.353

 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg)

30.20 (29.20–31.20)

30.75 (30.0–31.87)

30.30 (29.28–31.20)

0.005

 Mean corpuscular volume (fL)

91.10 (88.30–93.80)

93.30 (91.43–96.45)

91.20 (88.40–93.90)

 < 0.001

 Hemoglobin (g/L)

147.0 (136.0–159.0)

147.0 (137.0–158.0)

147.0 (136.0–159.0)

0.710

 Blood sedimentation equation K value

11.78 (9.48–25.31)

33.67 (26.21–44.64)

12.38 (9.84–27.16)

0.001

 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h)

3.0 (2.0–6.0)

9.50 (6.0–15.0)

3.0 (2.0–7.0)

0.001

 White blood cell count (109/L)

5.97 (4.98–7.06)

5.86 (5.15–7.05)

5.96 (4.99–7.06)

0.926

 Neutrophil count (109/L)

3.46 (2.81–4.27)

3.38 (2.94–4.12)

3.45 (2.81–4.26)

0.848

 Neutrophil percent (%)

58.50 (53.32–63.48)

57.95 (53.40–65.10)

58.50 (53.38–63.60)

0.478

 Lymphocyte count (109/L)

1.94 (1.58–2.30)

2.0 (1.33–2.40)

1.94 (1.58–2.30)

0.373

 Lymphocyte percentage (%)

32.90 (28.30–37.70)

32.60 (24.95–37.10)

32.90 (28.17–37.70)

0.281

 Basophil count (109/L)

0.02 (0.02–0.04)

0.02 (0.02–0.04)

0.02 (0.02–0.04)

0.904

 Basophil percentage (%)

0.40 (0.20–0.60)

0.40 (0.30–0.60)

0.40 (0.20–0.60)

0.813

 Eosinophil count (109/L)

0.11 (0.07–0.18)

0.12 (0.09–0.17)

0.11 (0.07–0.18)

0.288

 Eosinophil percentage (%)

1.80 (1.20–2.90)

1.95 (1.40–2.85)

1.80 (1.20–2.90)

0.417

 Monocyte count (109/L)

0.33 (0.26–0.41)

0.36 (0.30–0.41)

0.33 (0.26–0.41)

0.240

 Monocyte percentage (%)

5.55 (4.62–6.70)

5.70 (5.12–7.05)

5.60 (4.70–6.70)

0.218

 CD3 count (cell/ul)

1151.50 (927.25–1433.25)

995.0 (835.0–1067.0)

1135.0 (907.0–1419.0)

0.089

 CD3 percentage (%)

67.40 (61.80–73.70)

69.40 (59.70–72.65)

67.80 (61.77–73.75)

0.962

 CD4 count (cell/ul)

627.0 (503.0–782.25)

719.0 (421.0–734.0)

628.0 (500.0–781.0)

0.599

 CD4 percentage (%)

37.50 (32.0–43.10)

39.50 (33.80–49.0)

37.70 (32.22–43.18)

0.410

 CD8 count (cell/ul)

407.0 (304.75–574.25)

296.0 (197.0–305.0)

395.0 (295.0–571.0)

0.019

 CD8 percentage (%)

24.0 (17.80–29.70)

19.10 (16.30–25.55)

23.55 (17.80–29.72)

0.227

 CD4/CD8 ratio

1.58 (1.16–2.20)

2.48 (1.11–3.34)

1.58 (1.16–2.25)

0.244

 Blood platelet count (109/L)

200.0 (165.0–246.0)

155.50 (141.75–207.50)

199.0 (163.0–245.0)

 < 0.001

 Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio

0.17 (0.14–0.22)

0.18 (0.14–0.27)

0.17 (0.14–0.22)

0.109

 Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio

1.77 (1.42–2.25)

1.74 (1.47–2.67)

1.77 (1.43–2.26)

0.276

 Eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio

0.06 (0.03–0.09)

0.07 (0.04–0.10)

0.06 (0.03–0.09)

0.076

 Basophil-to-lymphocytes ratio

0.01 (0.01–0.02)

0.02 (0.01–0.02)

0.01 (0.01–0.02)

0.383

 Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio

104.74 (82.33–131.76)

89.54 (68.17–137.48)

104.50 (80.84–131.96)

0.172

  1. Data are n (%) or median (IQR). P value denotes the comparison among mild, moderate, and severe illness groups. The outcomes were designated as non-severe and severe respectively
  2. Red cell distribution width (SD), red blood cell distribution width standard deviation; Red cell distribution width (CV), red blood cell distribution width coefficient of variation
  3. *Since only 66% of those older than 80 had been fully vaccinated by late November 2022, the age of 80 was set as the cutting point to minimize the confounding effect of vaccination [10]
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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