Table 1 Baseline characteristics of AF patients with or without history of ECAS

Age, years; mean value (SD)

77.55 (9.93)

76.75 (10.64)

 < 0.001

Age ≥ 75 years, n (%)

4274 (66.89)

17966 (63.95)

 < 0.001

Age 65–74 years, n (%)

1409 (22.05)

6272 (22.33)

0.632

Male gender, n (%)

3923 (61.39)

14451 (51.44)

 < 0.001

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Hypertension

5798 (90.74)

24660 (87.78)

 < 0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

2743 (42.93)

11610 (41.33)

0.019

 Congestive heart failure

3002 (46.98)

14333 (51.02)

 < 0.001

 Vascular diseases

1092 (17.09)

3372 (12)

 < 0.001

 COPD

2098 (32.83)

8084 (28.78)

 < 0.001

 Hyperlipidemia

3321 (51.97)

11355 (40.42)

 < 0.001

 Autoimmune diseases

355 (5.56)

1207 (4.3)

 < 0.001

 Cancer

832 (13.02)

3060 (10.89)

 < 0.001

 Hyperthyroidism

205 (3.21)

733 (2.61)

0.013

 Abnormal renal function

1559 (24.4)

5401 (19.23)

 < 0.001

 Abnormal liver function

1065 (16.67)

4123 (14.68)

 < 0.001

 Anemia

1028 (16.09)

4351 (15.49)

0.233

 History of bleeding

2104 (32.93)

8825 (31.41)

0.020

 Alcohol excess/abuse

130 (2.03)

462 (1.64)

0.043

 Gout

1648 (25.79)

6326 (22.52)

 < 0.001

CHA₂DS₂-VASc score; mean values (SD)

5.92 (1.36)

5.91 (1.38)

0.515

HAS-BLED score, mean value (SD)

4.14 (1.13)

3.91 (1.11)

 < 0.001