Fig. 1

The fibro-calcific remodeling in patients with FCAVD is associated with the ATX-LPA axis. A–D Related genes of lipid retention and fibro-calcific changes were compared between healthy (n = 3) and FCAVD patients (n = 3). A Data were obtained from the GSE77287 dataset and visualized using MeV 4.9.0 heatmap software. B The mRNA expression of genes associated with lipid retention and fibro-calcific changes was compared between aortic valvular tissue of patients with FCAVD and age-matched non-FCAVD controls using a two-tailed t-test. C Pearson correlation values were further analyzed to examine the correlation between ATX (ENPP2) and selected fibro-calcific-related genes with up/up gene pairs exhibiting predominantly positive correlation. D Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression array analysis of the correlation between the enhanced ENPP2 and COL1A1, as well as RUNX2 from GSE77287, GSE83453, and GSE51472 datasets. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus healthy sample. P values were obtained using a two-tailed t-test