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Table 2 Rate for mortality among participants without diabetes and participants with type 2 diabetes according to the number of risk factors within target range

From: Assessing the impact of type 2 diabetes on mortality and life expectancy according to the number of risk factor targets achieved: an observational study

 

Individuals without diabetes

No. of risk factors within target range among individuals with diabetes

0–1

2

3

4

5

6–7

All-cause mortality

 Deaths/person-years

18 505/4 107 161

114/7679

355/27 489

632/51 454

582/54 140

337/32 868

85/11 758

 Death rate (95% CI)a

4.51 (4.44–4.57)

11.9 (9.65–14.6)

9.46 (8.38–10.7)

8.30 (7.55–9.12)

7.30 (6.61–8.05)

7.03 (6.18–8.00)

5.19 (4.04–6.67)

 Rate difference (95% CI)a

0 (reference)

7.34 (4.91–9.78)

4.95 (3.80–6.10)

3.79 (3.00–4.58)

2.79 (2.07–3.51)

2.52 (1.61–3.43)

0.68 (-0.62 to 1.99)

CVD mortality

 Deaths/person-years

3389/4 107 161

35/7679

92/27 489

174/51 454

136/54 140

57/32 868

19/11 758

 Death rate (95% CI)

0.83 (0.80–0.85)

3.39 (2.31–4.97)

2.26 (1.76–2.89)

2.10 (1.74–2.54)

1.59 (1.29–1.96)

1.13 (0.82–1.55)

1.11 (0.64–1.90)

 Rate difference (95% CI)

0 (reference)

2.56 (1.26–3.86)

1.43 (0.87–1.99)

1.27 (0.88–1.67)

0.76 (0.43–1.10)

0.30 (-0.06 to 0.66)

0.28 (-0.32 to 0.88)

Cancer mortality

 Deaths/person-years

9396/4 107 161

41/7679

133/27 489

241/51 454

226/54 140

132/32 868

36/11 758

 Death rate (95% CI)

2.29 (2.24–2.33)

4.56 (3.27–6.35)

3.78 (3.12–4.59)

3.38 (2.92–3.92)

3.01 (2.58–3.51)

2.92 (2.39–3.57)

2.30 (1.58–3.35)

 Rate difference (95% CI)

0 (reference)

2.27 (0.76–3.78)

1.50 (0.77–2.22)

1.09 (0.59–1.60)

0.72 (0.26–1.19)

0.63 (0.05–1.22)

0.01 (-0.86 to 0.88)

  1. Seven risk factors that were within target range include no current smoking, physical activity at goal, healthy diet, BMI ≥ 20 and < 25 kg/m2, blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg, HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (< 7%), and total cholesterol < 5.2 mmol/L (< 200 mg/dL)
  2. aDeath rate adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, and Townsend deprivation index and absolute rate difference per 1000 person-years
  3. CVD, cardiovascular disease