Mortality cause | Sodium–potassium ratio (sodium ≥ 2,000 mg/d) | P value (Non-linear)b | P for interactionb | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quintile 1 (n = 58,686) | Quintile 2 (n = 58,687) | Quintile 3 (n = 58,687) | Quintile 4 (n = 58,687) | Quintile 5 (n = 58,686) | P for trend (linear)b | |||
HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | ||||
Overall mortality | ||||||||
 Men | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.97, 1.04) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.97, 1.04) | 1.09 (1.05, 1.13) |  < 0.0001*** |  < 0.0001*** |  < 0.0001*** |
 Women | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.07) | 1.07 (1.02, 1.13) | 1.11 (1.05, 1.17) | 1.23 (1.16, 1.31) |  < 0.0001*** | 0.04* | |
CVD | ||||||||
 Men | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.03) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 1.08 (1.00, 1.15) | 0.048* | 0.0003*** |  < 0.0001*** |
 Women | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.92, 1.10) | 1.16 (1.05, 1.28) | 1.14 (1.02, 1.26) | 1.34 (1.19, 1.50) |  < 0.0001*** | 0.12 | |
Heart disease | ||||||||
 Men | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.90, 1.03) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) | 0.11 | 0.002** |  < 0.0001*** |
 Women | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.93, 1.15) | 1.14 (1.01, 1.27) | 1.19 (1.05, 1.34) | 1.38 (1.22, 1.58) |  < 0.0001*** | 0.16 | |
Stroke | ||||||||
 Men | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.16) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03) | 1.12 (0.94, 1.33) | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.27 |
 Women | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.72, 1.07) | 1.20 (0.98, 1.47) | 1.00 (0.79, 1.26) | 1.21 (0.94, 1.55) | 0.09 | 0.19 | |
Cancer | ||||||||
 Men | 1.00 | 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) | 1.07 (1.00, 1.13) | 0.13 | 0.94 | 0.71 |
 Women | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.93, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.10) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.21) | 0.10 | 0.44 | |
Respiratory disease | ||||||||
 Men | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.75, 0.99) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.05) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) | 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) | 0.009** | 0.09 | 0.17 |
 Women | 1.00 | 1.18 (1.00, 1.39) | 1.19 (1.00, 1.42) | 1.38 (1.15, 1.66) | 1.50 (1.24, 1.83) |  < 0.0001*** | 0.32 | |
Infectious disease | ||||||||
 Men | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.89, 1.27) | 0.99 (0.82, 1.18) | 0.89 (0.73, 1.07) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.15) | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
 Women | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.90, 1.44) | 1.04 (0.80, 1.35) | 1.29 (0.99, 1.69) | 1.46 (1.09, 1.96) | 0.01* | 0.61 | |
Injury and accidents | ||||||||
 Men | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.92, 1.29) | 0.94 (0.78, 1.12) | 1.10 (0.92, 1.32) | 1.09 (0.90, 1.32) | 0.40 | 0.12 | 0.29 |
 Women | 1.00 | 1.29 (0.98, 1.70) | 1.15 (0.84, 1.58) | 1.30 (0.93, 1.81) | 1.60 (1.11, 2.31) | 0.03* | 0.61 | |
Other causes | ||||||||
 Men | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.08) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) | 1.18 (1.08, 1.28) | 0.0004*** | 0.06 | 0.09 |
 Women | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.89, 1.09) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.15) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.22) | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 0.006** | 0.33 |