Table 1 Characteristics for the suicide cohort of participants

Sociodemographic characteristics

 Age, mean (SD), years

47.49 (14.55)

44.70 (14.33)

48.95 (14.46)

< 0.001

0.296

47.33 (14.47)

47.37 (14.63)

0.647

0.002

 Sex

 < 0.001

0.026

0.667

0.002

   Male

86,158 (46.4)

30,163 (47.2)

55,995 (45.9)

29,410.2 (46.2)

56,651.3 (46.3)

   Female

99,642 (53.6)

33,697 (52.8)

65,945 (54.1)

34,217.3 (53.8)

65,610.6 (53.7)

 Ethnic

0.849

0.001

0.839

0.001

   Han

184,174 (99.1)

63,297 (99.1)

120,877 (99.1)

63,047.2 (99.1)

121,159.5 (99.1)

   Minorities

1626 (0.9)

563 (0.9)

1063 (0.9)

580.3 (0.9)

1102.5 (0.9)

 Marital status

< 0.001

0.169

 < 0.001

0.054

  Never married

51,157 (27.5)

19,052 (29.8)

32,105 (26.3)

16,638.0 (26.1)

33,706.7 (27.6)

  Married

115,556 (62.2)

37,925 (59.4)

77,631 (63.7)

40,841.5 (64.2)

75,643.4 (61.9)

  Widowed

8857 (4.8)

2225 (3.5)

6632 (5.4)

2657.3 (4.2)

6053.7 (5.0)

  Divorced

10,230 (5.5)

4658 (7.3)

5572 (4.6)

3490.7 (5.5)

6858.1 (5.6)

 Urbanicity

< 0.001

0.596

0.502

0.003

  Rural

150,631 (81.1)

41,745 (65.4)

108,886 (89.3)

51,516.0 (81.0)

98,825.1 (80.8)

  Urban

35,169 (18.9)

22,115 (34.6)

13,054 (10.7)

12,111.5 (19.0)

23,436.9 (19.2)

 Education level

 < 0.001

0.511

 < 0.001

0.028

  Primary school or lower

123,532 (66.5)

32,709 (51.2)

90,823 (74.5)

42,227.8 (66.4)

81,309.6 (66.5)

  Middle and high school

58,526 (31.5)

28,444 (44.5)

30,082 (24.7)

20,169.5 (31.7)

38,112.7 (31.2)

  College/university or higher

3742 (2.0)

2707 (4.2)

1035 (0.8)

1230.3 (1.9)

2839.6 (2.3)

 Economic situation

< 0.001

0.301

0.954

 < 0.001

  Poverty

120,102 (64.6)

35,237 (55.2)

84,865 (69.6)

41,050.8 (64.5)

78,862.6 (64.5)

  Non-poverty

65,698 (35.4)

28,623 (44.8)

37,075 (30.4)

22,576.7 (35.5)

43,399.3 (35.5)

 Clinical characteristics

 Family history of psychiatric illness

< 0.001

0.061

0.945

 < 0.001

   Yes

8737 (4.7)

3551 (5.6)

5186 (4.3)

2984.7 (4.7)

5726.0 (4.7)

   No

177,063 (95.3)

60,309 (94.4)

116,754 (95.7)

60,642.8 (95.3)

116,536.0 (95.3)

 Duration of illness

 mean (SD), years

12.78 (11.17)

11.61 (10.42)

13.39 (11.49)

< 0.001

0.163

12.39 (11.08)

12.66 (11.14)

 < 0.001

0.024

  < 10

92,619 (49.8)

34,415 (53.9)

58,204 (47.7)

< 0.001

0.157

32,508.0 (51.1)

61,783.9 (50.5)

0.068

0.015

  10 ~ 19

48,991 (26.4)

16,595 (26.0)

32,396 (26.6)

16,500.7 (25.9)

32,013.7 (26.2)

  20 ~ 29

27,489 (14.8)

8542 (13.4)

18,947 (15.5)

9201.5 (14.5)

17,652.2 (14.4)

  ≥ 30

16,701 (9.0)

4308 (6.7)

12,393 (10.2)

5417.3 (8.5)

10,812.1 (8.8)

History of self-inflicted violence behaviors

 History of suicide attempt at baseline

< 0.001

0.034

0.032

0.014

   Yes

851 (0.5)

259 (0.4)

592 (0.5)

252.3 (0.4)

596.5 (0.5)

   No

172,068 (92.6)

58,829 (92.1)

113,239 (92.9)

58,915.7 (92.6)

113,188.7 (92.6)

   Unknown

12,881 (6.9)

4772 (7.5)

8109 (6.6)

4459.5 (7.0)

8476.7 (6.9)

 History of NSSI at baseline

< 0.001

0.040

0.070

0.013

   Yes

809 (0.4)

198 (0.3)

611 (0.5)

240.0 (0.4)

560.2 (0.5)

   No

171,471 (92.3)

58,714 (91.9)

112,757 (92.5)

58,711.1 (92.3)

112,801.7 (92.3)

   Unknown

13,520 (7.3)

4948 (7.7)

8572 (7.0)

4676.4 (7.3)

8900.0 (7.3)

 History of suicide attempt during follow-up

< 0.001

0.022

0.736

0.002

  Yes

1112 (0.6)

313 (0.5)

799 (0.7)

389.7 (0.6)

730.0 (0.6)

  No

184,688 (99.4)

63,547 (99.5)

121,141 (99.3)

63,237.8 (99.4)

121,531.9 (99.4)

 History of NSSI during follow-up

< 0.001

0.052

0.745

0.002

  Yes

1392 (0.7)

300 (0.5)

1,092 (0.9)

465.0 (0.7)

914.5 (0.7)

  No

184,408 (99.3)

63,560 (99.5)

120,848 (99.1)

63,162.5 (99.3)

121,347.4 (99.3)