Comparison of efficacy between incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Mechanistic differences between GLP-1 agonist exenatide and DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin [31].

		Sitagliptin	Exenatide	Significance
Change in FPG (mmol/l)		1.04+/- 0.2	0.83+/-0.2	P = 0.3234
Change in PPG (mmol/l)		2.0 +/-0.3	6.26+/-0.3	P <0.0001*
Insulinogenic index		Yes	Yes- significantly more than sitagliptin	P = 0.0239*
Acute Insulin secretion		Yes	Yes- significantly more than sitagliptin	P = 0.0017*
Reduction in post -prandial glucagon		Yes	Yes- significantly more than sitagliptin	P = 0.0011*
Reduction in gastric emptying		none	Yes- significantly more than sitagliptin	P <0.0001*
Six point SMBG excursions	Post breakfast		Yes- significantly less than sitagliptin	P = 0.0016*
	Post lunch		Similar to Sitagliptin	P = 0.07849
	Post dinner		Yes- significantly less than sitagliptin	P = 0.038*
Reduction in body weight (kg)		0.3+/-0.2	0.8+/-0.2	P = 0.0056*
Decrement in calorie intake		none	Yes- significantly more than sitagliptin	P = 0.0227*
Reduction in post-prandial triglyceride levels		yes	Yes- significantly more than sitagliptin	P = 0.018*
Nausea		12%	34%
Vomiting		3%	24%

*Statistically significant. DDP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; PPG, postprandial glucose; SMBG, self-monitoring blood glucose

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