Validation of a model to investigate the effects of modifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors on the burden of CVD: the rotterdam ischemic heart disease and stroke computer simulation (RISC) model

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the risk factors used in the Rotterdam Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke Computer Simulation (RISC) model for the 3,478 Rotterdam study participants and 25,492 European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study participants

Variable	RISC (n = 3,478)	EPIC (n = 25,492)
Age	69.0 (62 to 75)	59.2 (51 to 67)
Male subjects, %	39%	45%
Smoker
Never	34.5%	46.0%
Former	41.9%	42.3%
Current	23.6%	11.7%
BMI	26.3 (23.8 to 28.5)	26.3 (23.7 to 28.4)
WHR	0.91 (0.84 to 0.97)	0.86 (0.78 to 0.93)
Systolic BP	140.0 (124 to 155)	135.5 (122.5 to 146.5)
Diastolic BP	74.1 (66 to 82)	82.5 (74.5 to 89.5)
Hypertension	36.4%	29.9%
Total cholesterol	6.67 (5.8 to 7.4)	6.19 (5.4 to 6.9)
HDL cholesterol	1.34 (1.1 to 1.5)	1.41 (1.1 to 1.6)
Glucose^b	6.93 (5.5 to 7.5)	6.67 (5.5 to 7.3)
Creatinine	82.5 (72 to 91)	86.7 (76 to 97)
Diabetes mellitus	10.7%	12.2%
Angina pectoris^b	10.4%	9.2%
Atrial fibrillation^b	2.5%	2.9%
Intermittent claudication^b	2.1%	1.5%
TIA^b	5.1%	4.8%
CVD	17.8%	4.3%
Family history of MI	16.3%	18.4%
Family history of CVD	23.0%	23.3%

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; MI, myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischemic attack; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.
^aAverage values and inter-quartile ranges (brackets) are given for continuous variables, while categorical variables are given as percentages.
^bIndicates imputed risk factors for the EPIC-Norfolk dataset.