Table 5 AQ and RRT results for lifetime prevalence rates of prescription or illicit drug use for cognitive enhancement (CE) or mood enhancement (ME)
From: Use of illicit and prescription drugs for cognitive or mood enhancement among surgeons
| Â | Study technique | Age of first use of enhancement | |
|---|---|---|---|
Substance use for CE/ ME: | AQ | RRT | (mean ± SD) |
| Â | (n= 957) | (n= 1,102) | (according to AQ) |
Any prescription or illicit drug | 8.9% (n = 85) | 19.9% | 24.0 ± 6.2 |
Methylphenidate (MPH) | 2.5% (n = 24) |  | 22.0 ± 2.8 |
Amphetamine pills | 2.6% (n = 25) |  | 22.6 ± 3.6 |
Illicit amphetamines | 0.9% (n = 9) |  | 23.0 ± 2.0 |
Modafinil | 2.2% (n = 21) |  | 35.8 ± 7.2 |
Ecstasy | 0.6% (n = 6) |  | 20.2 ± 3.0 |
Cocaine | 1.6% (n = 15) |  | 22.7 ± 3.0 |
Ephedrin | 1.2% (n = 11) |  | 19.3 ± 6.0 |
Antidementive drugs | 0.3% (n = 3) |  | 25.0 ± 2.8 |
Atomoxetin | 0.6% (n = 6) |  | 26.0 ± 0.0 |
Any antidepressant | 2.4 (n = 23) | 15.1% | 38.7 ± 10.7 |