Depression, antidepressant medications, and risk of Clostridium difficileinfection

Table 5 Odds ratios for antidepressant medications and Clostridium difficile infection; case-crossover study of hospitalized adults

Medication	Hospitalizations, n^a	OR^b	95% CI	Pvalue
Fluoxetine	53	1.74	0.46 to 6.65	0.416
Escitalopram	25	0.57	0.12 to 2.79	0.491
Citalopram	128	0.41	0.17 to 0.99	0.047
Sertraline	105	0.58	0.21 to 1.57	0.282
Paroxetine	18	4.71	0.88 to 25.33	0.071
Nortriptyline	30	0.22	0.02 to 2.13	0.190
Amitriptyline	38	1.20	0.30 to 4.79	0.800
Duloxetine	37	0.44	0.10 to 1.89	0.267
Venlafaxine	27	5.05	0.58 to 44.15	0.143
Bupropion	36	0.48	0.11 to 2.05	0.323
Mirtazapine	64	0.82	0.31 to 2.13	0.682
Trazodone	171	0.55	0.33 to 0.90	0.018
Mirtazapine and trazodone^c	17	32.54	2.29 to 462.9	0.010

^aNumber of hospitalizations in which medication was administered.
^bAdjusted for antibacterial medications, PPIs, H2RAs, statins, immunosuppressants and transfusion of red blood cells.
^cReference category: no mirtazapine and no trazodone.

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