Table 1 Study characteristics
From: Prehypertension and incidence of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis
Study | Country | Prevalence of prehypertension (%) | Sample size (% women) | Age (y), average (range or SD) | Follow-up (y) | Participants with baseline CVD excluded | Events for analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wu, 2002*[7] | China | 35.3 | 27,739 (46.3) | 47.4 (35 to 64) | 7 | Not report | CVD |
Asayama, 2004 [18] | Japan | 46 | 1,702 (61) | 60.6 (10.7) | 10.6 | Free of stroke | Stroke |
Liszka, 2005 [8] | United States | 33 | 8,986 (54.6) | NA (≥25) | 18 | No | CVD, stroke, MI |
Lee, 2006 [19] | United States | 32.6 | 4,372 (60.6) | 56.2(45 to 74) | 12 | Yes | CHD |
Qureshi, 2005 [9] | United States | 41.1 | 5,181 (55.3) | 44.0 (8.6) | 31 | Yes | CAD, stroke, MI |
Kshirsagar,2006 [20] | United States | 37.3 | 8,960 (55) | 53(45 to 64) | 11.6 | Yes | CVD, CHD, stroke |
Hsia, 2007 [21] | United States | 39 | 60,785 (100) | 62.8 (7.0) | 7.7 | Yes | CVD, MI, stroke |
Onat, 2008 [22] | Turkey | 32.8 | 3,034 (50.4) | 48 (12) | 6.6 | Free of DM and CHD | CHD |
Kokubo, 2008 [23] | Japan | 35 | 5,494 (53) | 55 (30 to 79) | 11.7 | Yes | CVD, MI, stroke |
Zhang, 2008 [24] | United States | 32.1 | 4,507 (60) | 56 (45 to 74) | 13.4 | Free of stroke | Stroke |
Gu, 2009 [25] | China | 34.5 | 158,666 (51) | 56 (≥40) | 7.7 | No | CVD, CHD, stroke |
Ikeda, 2009 [26] | Japan | 43 | 33,372 (65) | 54 (40 to 69) | 11.0 | Yes | CHD, stroke |
Ishikawa, 2010 [27] | Japan | 32.3 | 11,000 (61.3) | 55.1 (11.5) | 10.7 | Yes | CVD |
Tanaka, 2010 [28] | Japan | 25.2 | 22,676 (66) | 62 (40 to 80) | 2.7 | Yes | Ischemic stroke |
Wu, 2012 [29] | China | 30.0 | 100,116 (20.1) | 49.4 (30 to 70) | 4 | Yes | CVD, stroke |
Hadaegh, 2013 [30] | Iran | 34.5 | 6,273(57) | 47.1 (≥30) | 9.3 | Yes | CVD, CHD |
Sadeghi, 2012†[10] | Iran | 36 | 3,255 (100) | 49.7 (≥35) | 6.7 | Yes | CVD, CHD, stroke |
Fukuhara, 2012 [31] | Japan | 37.7 | 2,634 (58) | 59.1 (≥40) | 19 | Yes | CVD, CHD, Stroke |
Erbel, 2012 [11] | Germany | 26.2 | 4,181 (53) | 59.3 (40 to 75) | 7.18 | Yes | MI,stroke , revascularization |